Articles about Kobrin: Spiritual culture

Renesansavy meblya ў Belarus_

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Pavodle of a materyyal ў Kobrynskaga of a vayenna-g_starychnag of the museum _mya A. V. Suvorava

Household meblya for abstalyavannya zhyllyovy a _nter'er ў an uzn_kla ў to Zakhodnyay E¸ropa ў the XV Art. a stalemate to nepasredny uplyva kultavay mebl_ paslya tago, a yak joiners vynayshl_ for yae new kanstruktsyyu — ramachna-f_lyangovy knitting z an adnosna tonk_kh doshak zamest dra¸lyany whetstone ў, yak_ya ¸zhyval_sya early. To Getam papyaredn_chal_ і paspryyal_ tekhn_chna-tekhnalag_chnyya vynakhodn_tstva ў to the galena mekhan_chnay apratso¸k_ dra¸n_na (at 1320 — 1322 z'yav_l_sya pershyya lesap_ln і). Padobnyya abstav_na sadzeyn_chal_ z'ya¸lennyu she is kind skanstruyavanay stalyarnay mebl_ z doshak. Yana vyluchalasya tektan_chnym_ kanstruktsyyam_ arkh_tekturny a form ў, yak_ya patrabavat і, adnak, new dekaraty¸ny vyrashennya ў (different a v_d ў chlyanennya ў і plastychnay azdoba a f_lyonka). Tak_ya navatsy_ ¸zho byl_ harakternym_ for gatychnay mebl і, uplyva yaky prykmetnyya not tolk_ ў mebl_ z renesansavym_ to rysa і, Alya і z barochnym_ і navat at mebl_ pazneyshy hour ў. To Tam velm_ the skladana vyznachyts "узрост" mebl і, bo yon is frequent not to an adpavyadaa vyadomay to mastatstvazna¸ets styl_styets...

... Yes myastsovay works it is possible adnests_ і kobrynsky short, on 2 persons, a kanapa frame kanstruktsy_ z plosk_m_ tsvyordym_ for padlakotn_ka і, myakk_m syadzenny і sp_nkay, abab_tym_ to karychnevy dermats_na of a pra a dapamoza brass shmatpyalyostkavy knopak-tsv_ko ў. Frame kanstruktsyya a padkreslena to razbyany rasl_nny decors on chatyrokh n_zhn_kh dashchany pranozhka, yak_ya zamatso¸vayuts ustoyl_vasts tochany z chatyrokh a sphere ў legs. 3 trokh tak_kh zha tochany sphere ў utvorana pyaredn_ya stoyk_ padlakotn_ka ў. Sp_nka frame kanstruktsy_ pramavugolny; deaf razby azdoblena karn_zapadobny papyarochny perakladz_na. At a razba of a vykarystana are popular ў hour to a renesans an ornament sakav_ty akantavy stsyablo ў, yak_ya, a mudragel_sta vyg_nayuchysya, utvarayuts on sp_nets esa¸n_tsa-padobnyya f_gura. On pranozhka mashtab stsyablo ў to an akant of a mensha, Alya to a ¸sa of Yana of a styl_stychn of an adnolkav of a vykanana і stvarayuts rytm_chna fryz at a n_za kanapk_ are ornamental (Kobrynsk_ of a vayenna-g_starychna the museum).

Akramya mebl_ myastsovy maystro ў at belarusk_kh the museums of zakho¸vayetsets renesansavy meblya, vyrableny zakhodne-e¸rapeysk_m_ maystram_. Naybolsh-place kalektsyya such mebl_ znakhodz_tsets ў Kobrynsk_m vayenna-g_starychny muze_. Prykmetna, that yae the pakhodzhayena is possible zvyazats z for German_yay. Mastatskaya kashto¸nasts a renesansavaga stylyu May the frame pramavugolnay forms, razbyany kampaz_tsyya yaky an utvorana z chatyrokh violent garelyefny galovak puzz_ syarod vysokarelyefny covered ў і l_stsya to an akant, yak_ya ab'yadno¸vayuts usyu kampaz_tsyyu z chatyrokh Bako ў. Pas razmeshchana vugla drabneyshyya garelyefnyya galo¸k_ anyola ў syarod zdvoyeny l_sto ў to an akant. Akramya tago, buynyya і drabneyshyya galo¸k_ zluchayutsets razbyanym_ g_rlyandam_. Uves garelyefna-skrazna a decor of a frame of ¸tryml_vayetsets on vuzkay ramachets, azdoblenay ma¸rytansk_m to stuzhachna-plyatsyonkavy ornaments, vykanany at tekhn_ets of the deaf n_zkarelyefnay razba.

Vyadoma, that raspa¸syudzhanay meblyay at an era Adradzhennya ў kufar. Harakterna ў gety aspekets kufar n_zk і, pramavugolnay forms, vytsyagnutay garyzantat a pas і, pasta¸lena on n_zk_m tsokal_. Kanstruktsyyna-dekaraty¸naye to the vyrasheena to an arkh_tektan_chnaa. Uves pramavugolna ab 'I eat a pas vertykal_ chlyan_tsets of a trym f_lyongam_ on Torahs chastk і, yak_ya ў the plan of a padkreslena nevysok_m_ bakavym_ to ryzal_ta і that adg_avyadayuts shyryn_ tank a f_lyonga ў. Yana azdoblena to vysokarelyefny matyva "ormushl і" (maskaron syarod two currency element ў to a uversa і adnago to a ¸n_za). Tsentralny f_lyonga of a ¸prygozhan to vysokarelyefny grateskavy ornaments, vykanany z vyal_k_m to artystyzma, akaymavana to fryza z dentykulam_. Tak_ mats ў razmeshchana on tsokal_ a vechka. Bakavyya f_lyong_ ablyamavana to double zubchasty fryza. Tsokalna fryz z l_stsya to an akant і to a Torah ab'yadno¸vaa f_lyong_ ў adz_na ab' I eat utvorana. Central chastka of a socle that znakhodz_tsets pam_zh bakavym_ to ryzal_ta і, dekaryravana to ornaments z n_zkarelyefny palmettes. Analag_ Cufra not of a vyya¸lena.

Typovym_ ¸zoram_ renesansavy kresla ў z'ya¸lyayutsets exhibits of Kobrynskaga of the museum. Adz_n z _kh — a dashchanaa of a kresl z different sp_nkay і tochanym_ nakh_lenym_ to legs і, skanstruyavanym_ z chatyrokh balyas_n. Asno¸ny dekaraty¸ny loading maystar it is necessary ў sp_nets of a skladanag of a praf_lyavanag to an abrys, yak_ a pa¸taraa a form of a barochnag of a shchyt, an azdoblenag of the deaf razby a dvuma sakav_tym_ 5-padobnym_ stsyablam_ to an akant z kvetkam_ on residents of Kan. At a tsentra sp_nk_ razmeshchana of a skrazna are oval an aperture, akaymavana a razbyany vyanok of a znachn of a drabneyshag, chy stsyobla, a mashtaba.

Kanstruktsyya other kresl frame, syadzeena і sp_nka pa¸myakk_ya, abab_tyya pazba¸lenay to a decor skuray pra to a dapamoza tsv_ko ў z kruglym_ galo¸kam_. Chatyra pramyya pranozhk_ to a ¸n_za і chatyra to the pasyaredzena vyshyn_ pyaredn_kh legs padkresl_vayuts karkasna haraktar kresla. Arkh_tektan_chny Butovo of legs of a stvoran z tochany element ў: to a splyaskana un_za sphere, poty cube, "dzenezhka", balyas_na, whetstone, usyo zavyarshayetsets such zha balyas_nay. Stoyk_ sp_nk_ pramavugolnyya, nearnamentavanyya, uvyanchana razbyany f_yalay at a lion vyglyadza z opened pashchay. The Asno¸ny ¸vaga the joiner of a sk_rav ў on an azdoba of legs і is firm. Ab_vachnyya tsv_k_ vykonvayuts function dekaraty¸ny element ў.

Tretsyae of a kresl of a zroblen ў styl_ _talyanskaga to a renesans: kanstruktsyya frame, sp_nka high, syadzeena і abtsyagnuta sp_nka skuray. To Dzva pranozhk_ without decor, bakavyya — praf_lyavanyya. The Pyaredny pranozhka to a padzyalyaa vyshyn_ legs to papala і a vyluchana bagatay the deaf і skrazny razby — at a tsentra of a razmeshchan avalnay forms a shmatpyalyostkavy kvetka pam_zh two l_stko ў, abapat — patterns of a ma¸rytanskag of a stuzhachnag plyatsennya. Nozhk_ tochanyya, chlyanenn_ arkh_tekturnyya: mayuts vyglyad colon z to entaz_sa, base і kap_telyam_. Razbyanyya stoyk_ sp_nk_ zavershana f_yalam_ ў to Galo's vyglyadza ў lvo ў z to paws і, at yak_kh Yana n_ba trymayuts skurany ab і ў ku z ts_snyony at pramavugolnay ramets to grateskavy ornaments. Maskaron at a vyglyadza zhanochay galo¸k_ znakhodz_tsets ў oval a medallion і razmeshchana against a shchyt of a baroque form. Shchyt flank_ruyuts sp_ralna vygnutyya stsyabla to an akant, zavershanyya buynym_ to receipts і, z yak_kh to a zv_saa of a g_rlyand z sadav_na і kvetak. On a skurany ab і ў tsy sp_nk_ ў praf_lyavanay ramets so - grateskava vyts_snuta an ornament і baroque styl_styk_ shchyt, yak_ znakhodz_tsets ў tsentra. N_zhey for Iago Razmeshchana of a maskarona ў to Galawa's vyglyadza of a lion, a vusa of a yakog of a sp_raln of zakruchvayutsets, a vykhodzyacha for Galawa's boundaries і perakhodzyacha to a ¸versa ў to a vyyav of a gryfon z padnyatym_ a wing і, and a ¸n_za — at galo¸k_ a delf_na ў. 3 _kh pashcha ў zv_sayuts g_rlyanda z drap_ro¸kam_ і sadav_nay, yak_ya padtryml_vayutsets sp_ralyam і that _duts hell of a shchyt. At segments, utvorany praf_lyavanay a frame, vyts_snuta vasm_kantsovyya zorachk і, yak_ya pa¸tarayuts kanf_guratsyyu ab_vachny tsv_ko ў that vykonvayuts і function dekaraty¸ny an element ў. Zakho¸vayuzza ў Kobrynsk_m muze_ і asno¸nyya typa renesansavy kresla ў _talyanskaga і nyametskaga pakhodzhannya. Kresla No. 1 frame kanstruktsy_ z v_tym_ to nozhkam_-racks і, z abab_tym_ tkan_nay myakk_m_ sp_nkam_ і syadzenny. Nozhk_ abap_rayutsets on zalachonyya lv_nyya paws, stoyk_ sp_nk_ zavershana zalachonym_ galo¸kam_ lvo ў. Aryg_nalnaye to the vyrasheena mayuts pranozhk_ frame kanstruktsy_. Yana, a pas sutnasts і, z'ya¸lyayutsets zalachonym_ ramam_ sa to skladana-praf_lyavany abrysa, yak_ya abramlyayuts chatyra peyzazhnyya kampaz_ets і, nap_sanyya we redden (sherag dre ў z zyalyonym_ kronam_ v_dats against a vysokag of the sky a stalemate hour to calling of the sun). Tekhn_ka razmalyo¸k_ mebl_ is reddened і to zolata, the vykarystayena ў to an azdoba frame kanstruktsy a kresla ў harakternyya for mebl_ hour ў a _talyanskaga Adradzhennya.

Ts_kavaye to a kanstruktsyynaa і to a dekaraty¸naa to the rasheena of racks bent magutny padlakotn_ka ў, yak_ya zavershana ploska-relyefnym_ pa¸valyutnym_ abrysam_ z to vus_ka і zhamchuzhnay abn_zyu. On ¸nutrany paverkhnyakh plosk_kh nap_sana racks to pas zolata black a dekaraty¸na renesansava background mats ў (a vyyava of currency і a vushny rakav_na), on zneshnyay paverkhn_ geta mats ў vykanana ў tekhn_ets of a flat deaf razba. Vuglavyya chastk_ pyarednyay tsarg_ zmalyavana vyyavam_ two a maskaron ў at Galo's vyglyadza ў _lvo ў (at adnago z _kh Baroda May vyglyad an akantavaga of a l_st). Pakolk_ ў decors of spaluchayutsets of a rysa of a _talyanskag to a renesans і a rannyaga of a _talyanskag of a barrack, a kresl it is possible datavats for residents of Kan of the XVI St.

Kresla No. 2 of a zroblen of a taksam ў styl_ _talyanskaga to a renesans. Iago kanstruktsyya frame. Dashchany high sp_nka і square to the syadzeena pa¸myakk_ya, abtsyagnutyya skuray, abab_tyya tsv_kam_ z shyrok_m_ kan_chnym_ to galo¸ka і, yak_ya vykonvayuts і dekaraty¸ny function. Nozhk і, padlakotn_k і stoyk_ pramyya, nearnamentavanyya.

Tartsovyya pranozhk_ zdvoyenyya (n_zhn_ya і verkhn_ya): n_zhn_ya zakanchvayutsets razbyany styl_zavanay touch, verkhn_ya mayuts prap_lavana (praf_lyavana) n_zhn_ edge. Front wide razbyany pranozhka to a prylyagaa yes verkhnyay framework frames. Yae decor of skladayetsets z dzvyukh shasts_granny f_gur, ab'yadnany vertykalnay tsyagay. Frame kanstruktsyya syadzennya the abtsyagnuta skuray, on yaky a vyts_snuta of an afarbavana is light-zho¸tym a pas karychnevy a ma¸reskava background an ornament. Iago Sp_nka high, an abab_ta embroider a padlakotn_k ў skuray, on yaky a taksama of a vyts_snuta of an afarbavana with a black pas karychnevy a shakhmatna background an ornament. Razbyanyya, azdoblenyya an oak l_st, stoyk_ it is high vystupayuts over yoy.

Kanstruktsyya kresla No. 3 ramna-frame. Tra pranozhk_ pramavugolnyya, without decor, pyaredny May vyglyad shyrokay, arnamentavanay the deaf razby doshk і, yae n_zhn_ zubchasta edge of a vykanana ў tekhn_ets prap_lo¸k_. Dvukhpalosna Arnament: bolsh shyrok_ ¸tvorana of a dzvyum pado¸zhnym_ tsyagam_ sa sp_ralna vygnutym_ to residents of Kan і, yak_ya, z'yadna¸shysya vakol kruglaga of a medallion, stvarayuts s_gmapadobny f іі to Ur. Geta official report of a troycha of pa¸tarayetsets ў oriental carpet. Vuzk_ n_zhn_ are ornamental a belt to an uya¸lyaa Saba to the abramleena z baroque a rytm_chna of pa¸torny S-padobnykh of an element ў. Arkh_tekton_ka pyaredn_kh racks of a padlakotn_k ў skladayetsets z pramavugolnay bases, chatyrokhgrannay balyas_na і darychnay kap_tel_. Pa¸myakk_ya high sp_nka і to a pramavugolnaa to the syadzeena of an abab_ta skuray pra to a dapamoza tsv_ko ў z buynym_ latunnym_ to galo¸ka і, yak_ya z'ya¸lyayutsets to important dekaraty¸ny elements. Stoyk_ sp_nk_ zavershana f_yalam_. Padlakotn_k_ pramyya, shyrok_ya і zakanchvayutsets valyutam_. At praportsyyakh a kresla yashche to a zakho¸vaa of a rysa dam_nuyuchy at gotyets vertykalny l_n_y, Alya ў decors ¸zho peravazhayuts renesansavyya matyva.

Anal_zuyucha asno¸nyya styl_stychnyya rysa belaruskay renesansavay mebl і, it is possible adznachyts that for yae dekaraty¸na sapra¸da real_zm are characteristic. Asabl_va of a prykmetna yon at sculptural f_guraty¸ny decors, yak_ is frequent sustrakayetsets on vyadomay to us mebl_. Napryklad, pra vykarystann_ ¸lasts_vy to a zakhodnee¸rapeyskam to a renesans of dekaraty¸ny it is opaque ў the Atlas ў і a germa ў p_nsk_ razbyar milk yield _m not antychna typazh і navat not typazh syarednevyakovy garadsk_kh a prastalyudz_na ў, and syalyansk і, padkresl_vayucha _kh pratsav_tyya і ¸karochanyya ruk_ z motsnym_ to b_tsepsa і, the heads, karzhakavatyya torsos, pyshnyya zakruchanyya vusa, karotk_ya Baroda. At madel_ro¸ets of a tvar ў the Atlas ў і the germa ў yon n_ba milk yield _m partretnyya haraktarystyk і, is detailed prapratso¸vayucha a shape of a nose, cheekbones, nadbro¸ny arches, a _lb z to marshchynka і, a form і l_n іі a vusna ў that vyglyadayuts z-pad vuso ў, poz_rk vachey. Mustache getyya pryyoma dazvalyayuts navat prydats to tvara kankretny ps_khalag_chny haraktarystyka: at a vyn_ka tvar at a germa of ¸ya¸lyaetsets to us n_ba zbyantezhany hell tago that yon not apranuta, and tolk_ prykryta tkanym_ to drap_ro¸ka і, a yak of a get rab_l_ starazhytnyya to the rymlena. Tak_ dushe¸na camp of uzmatsnyaetsets і razmyashchenny hands: to the rights yon the saraml_va to a prytryml_vaa a nabedrany bandage, left to a pryts_skaa yes grudzy, prosyacha n_ba prabachennya for agolenasts is whole.

Tak_m to chyna, it is possible adznachyts that ў renesansavy meblevy decors adlyustro¸valasya to an agulnaa to a renesansavaa to the sveta¸sprymayena maystro ў a dekaraty¸na-prykladnoga of a mastatstv, yaky vyyav_lasya ў _mknenn_ pakazats suchasny _m lyudzy, _kh zvychk і, pavodz_na, pastav і ў shy ў tsentr to Susvet of a chalavek. Darecha nagadats that partretnyya vyyava byl_ are characteristic ў geta hour і of relief azdob belaruskay kafl_ і for kn_zhny azdob, vydadzeny F.Skarynam. Uvogule, belarusk_ partret, zhyvap_sna і skulpturna, at a geta hour of hundred ў prykmetnay z'yavay a nashaga of a mastatstv.

Akramya a real_stychna traktavany f_guraty¸ny sculptural a decor ў at belaruskay mebl_ ¸zhyval_sya maskarona, ornaments rasl_nnyya (z sakav_ty l_sto ў to an akant і gal_nak to a v_nagrad), g_rlyanda, palmettes "ормушлевыя", yakovachnyya, ma¸reskavyya і grateskavyya, to hours zakampanavanyya ў kartushavyya kampaz_tsy_. ў byl_ are characteristic of a kresl vysok_ya sp_nk і, pramyya nozhk і, ab'yadnanyya ў frame kanstruktsyyu pranozhk і, to hours uzhyval_sya padlakotn_k_.

M. M. Yan_tskaya.
Drukuyezza of a pas of book: Pomn_k_ mastatskay cultures of Belarus_ epokh_ Adradzhennya: Zborn_k of an artykul ў. Mn., 1994.



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