Articles about Kobrin: 1945 - Dozhinki

War terminated, and people perished

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From A. M. Sushchuk's memoirs

On August 5, 1944 I was called up by the Antopolsky district military registration and enlistment office (Kustovichi treated then this area) for military service. The military commissar in field shoulder straps of the major accepted me. Having detained a look on the certificate of "the Voroshilovsky shooter" and to the reference coherent guerrilla crew of Chapayev, quietly told: "I send to a destructive battalion, on the woods any evil spirits, bandits still gad..."

It surprised me a little: the coming front needed replenishment, and here rear, some destructive battalion. The yesterday's guerrillas dressed in civil (only the former chief of a staff of guerrilla group Grigory Ollender sported in a military single-breasted coat under a belt) accepted me kindly, gave a rifle and ammunition. Short instructing — and on watch. Gorposyolok Antopol — the real fortress. Houses in which there lived Germans and their administration was placed, level with windows are enclosed with a timbered fencing in two layers which meter gap is filled with the earth. It was felt that "liberators from the Bolshevism and Jews" were in expectation of guerrilla attack. We protected armory and ammunition, the building of bodies of the civil power and management, the apartment of the first officials, detainees and arrested.

One morning, two weeks of my service later, the order arrived — with things and the weapon to be constructed on the square. Grigory Ollender, our commander, checked us according to the list, and we on foot moved in to Malorit where had to join structure of one of parts of field army. On Antopol's suburb made farewell amicable gun salute. I felt high moral rise from the forthcoming accession to Red army...
Shock the 357th the Orders of Suvorov 2 class the shooting division in which many Belarusians battled in the fall of 1945 from the area Tukums (Latvia) in full fighting structure was relocated in Kushkinsky garrison on border with Afghanistan. To my front companion Alexander Evdokimovich Demchuk, twice wounded machine gunner, granted leave. Went to the native village of Rogizno of Kozinsky district of the Rovno area. When returned, I ask: how the western Ukrainians adjust peaceful life?

What peace — the friend answered — there is a real war, our heavy artillery and fighting aircraft is involved. Gangs from forest bases terrorize and plunder the population sympathizing Councils, from Banderovites in fear all Western Ukraine. Kill in the terrible fanatic way — throw people into wells, into fire of the burning huts, destroy a cold weapon, without conceding on a lyutost to Germans. Mother ordered to change clothes to me in house, and Red Army deeply to hide...

In 1947 gave holiday and me — 45 days with the road! With fast Moscow — Berlin descended in Brest. I get acquainted with the station, the city — several hours before change on Kobrin. I learn, at the nights happens restlessly: shoot, acts of terrorism. In an underground nationalist nedobitka work.

For lesky the farm seemed. I already ran, strong legs bore as if wings. What happiness to return live and safe to a native home from war meat grinder when after approach from a regiment there was a third. The father, the radical peasant-poleshuk, a lot of things seen and worried, complained: in the dead of night four Banderovites came, prolomat a straw roof, got in a mosquito. Kvasku with fat cleaned to the bottom, took away the best of clothes, turned everything and quietly left. At the village there passed the Banderist group, attacked the car which brought kerosene to shop, honeycombed from automatic machines, broke the motor. Near the village of Hudlin killed the Red Army man who appeared on their way. War came to an end, and people perish as flies.

I served in Kushka the last months, and the wife Masha (just got married) went to my parents to far Kobrin district to Kustovichi, with the diploma of the school teacher. There was an August, 1950. From Oranchida's station to Dams - the continuous wood. On foot, one. "Hey, you have something to devour?!" — the overgrown man who appeared on a clearing spitefully shouted. "There is a bread piece, a roll with egg, take!" — from fright answered the stranger. But did not take also several steps as the forest inhabitant by an evil voice demanded: "Do not dare to approach! Throw!". She obediently threw a parcel with food on how many could, and that quickly ran up, caught it and disappeared in trees. And all could end much worse. In the first post-war decade in this region bandits killed the chairman of collective farm, the secretary and the chairman of village council, the district police officer of militia, the librarian, threw the person live into a well for support of the Soviet power.

For communication and criminal cooperation with Banderovites took out families to depth of great Russia. Nationalist roots near the big village of Divin and the village the Wasp sprouted in 1942 when here the Ukrainian insurgent army organized the first hundred Banderist bandits. The participant of the Great Patriotic War Grigory Petrovich Misyuk after demobilization worked in shop of the suburb of Kobrin, raised three daughters. Banderovites came at night and demanded on the highway towards Gorodts to hang out posters of anti-collective-farm, anti-Soviet contents on the bridge. Reminded: we will monitor execution from an ambush under a gun sight, specified towards daughters. Where you will get to — a man can die but once. Went, stuck. Judged, in the Magadan region washed gold. Having served sentence, in the same place washed to the country gold, but already on voluntary hiring, was a foreman. In the 1990th years rehabilitated.

Yermak, the Banderist leader scared stiff all Kobrin district and surrounding areas the cruelty. Plundered, killed, burned and every time was imperceptible. And still the security officers who had strong links to the population destroyed it in firefight. The corpse of the bandit was brought to Kobrin.

The Polish nationalist armed underground also worked in the western regions of Belarus, including in Kobrin district, till 1954. The government in exile in London did not recognize Yalta agreements on eastern frontier of Poland, warmed national feelings of Poles, especially young.

In 1947 in Brest and suburb the underground organization the Union of defenders of freedom is created ("Zvyonzek obrontsuv volnosts"). Its Kobrin group totaled several tens people. The priest Václav Yazevich from Gorodts was the spiritual head. The commandant of group Jan Komorovski set a creation task in Kobrin of the armed groups on the principles of Army Craiova if necessary to strike "invaders". The weapon collected, there was a training of members in the armed underground fight. But security officers did not doze. The armory and ammunition was found in a Roman Catholic church of Mr. Kobrin. Already at an organizational stage the underground military organization was revealed. The investigation and court was begun. About thirty people from of Kobrin and his vicinities were deprived of freedom for different terms. Were amnestied nearly ten years later.

Nationalist formations were adjoined by deserters, criminals, the former police officers and vlasovets — dissatisfied with the Soviet power, the penalties driven by fear for guilt of it and the people. Such people had nothing to lose, and therefore held on like grim death and already it constituted big danger.

As an echo of this unsolemn war which it was generally finished to the middle of the 1950th years it is possible to consider the case which occurred on March 17, 1960 in. A wasp, Kobrin district located on the southern suburb on border with Ukraine. The thirty-year-old chairman of collective farm "Friendship" (nowadays "Friendship of the people") Vasily Nikolaevich Setkov held board meeting. Outside dark evening. Directly through a window bandits make a deadly shot in the chairman. Behind the village they threw out shot sleeves and disappeared. The local tipper-of of an act of terrorism was detained, condemned and punished for deeds.

V. N. Setkov is from Siberia, the pupil of Goretsky agricultural academy. He, in the past of the instructor of the Divinsky district committee of a bedding set, was unanimously elected the chairman of the joint collective farm "Friendship" though such promotion was not provided in a district committee. Having been far from the homeland, young Setkov found mutual understanding with local peasants, wholly directed knowledge and efforts to a raising of fertility of the earth, rejoiced to the first progress. Setkova buried with honors in Malorit, the regional center which treated then. Wasp. Deserted there were a son, the wife Lyudmila Mikhaelovna, the school teacher living nowadays in Kobrin.

Having shared endured, there is a wish to express strong belief that sufferings and the incalculable sacrifice made for rescue of mankind from the hanging threat of national and fascist enslavement were not vain

*****

One sa shmatl_k_kh akhvyar to a bandytyzm on Kobrynshchyna ў _van Karpav_ch Semyanyuk. Yong Naradz і ў sya 25.6.1920 g at century Stry_ ў syalyanskay syam' і. Pryma ў akty¸na ¸dzet at partyzansk_m to Rukh, a vayava ў at an atradza _mya Chapayev. Iago Partyzanskaya the myanushka was Vanka Chorna. Pavodle of a ¸spam_n ў bayavy syabro ў, yon za¸syoda on aperatsy_ a vyyazdzha ў to Caen і, yak_ not adnoycha carrying out і ў Iago Z-pad a sack. Paslya vyzvalennya Kobrynskaga of a rayon І. K. Semyanyuk of a pratsav ў to namesn_ka of a rayonnag of a ¸pa¸navazhanag, Jeanne і ў sya, to litas of 1946 at Iago naradz_lasya a wheelbarrow. 12 l_stapad 1947 Semyanyuk pravodz і ў at century of Bystryts a pas descent pytannyakh lesanarykhtovak. At an hour to a descent yon padysho ў yes gazavay lyampa, incorporated bank prykuryts, і ў geta hour z-for an akn of a bandyta prashyl_ Iago a¸tamatnay chargy.

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