To heroes of the anniversary – 430 

Kobrin → Outstanding persons → Alexey Mikhaylovich Martynov

In rather not so already remote sedate "time it" anniversaries were celebrated on strictly established canon — it was noted 25, 50, the 100 anniversaries. Nowadays, when century firm stability was replaced by impetuous unsteadiness, the tendency anniversaries appeared to note also absolutely randomly, beginning at least with the fifth anniversary. The date offered by me — 430 is explained just by the fact that hitherto this anniversary, was never before celebrated, to postpone for more "lawful" round date — the 450 anniversary — is far.

The matter is that in 1993 430 years with, that time as for the first time on pages of history the name of the whole constellation of our villages appeared are executed. However, as it is stated below, is far not only one names. Agree, a reason for anniversary rather reasonable. As the primary source in this case the voluminous book which is stored in our museum and entitled served: "The audit of Kobrin economy made in 1563 by the royal auditor Dmitry Sapegoy". Vilno, 1876. Prod. Vilenska Arkheograficheska of the commission. It should be noted what in the hand-written original of "Audit" which is in the State historical archive of Lithuania, unfortunately, is absent downloaded also part of pages. "Audit" on the basis "Charters was carried out about drag" which essence BSE states as follows.

Volochny pomera, complex of agrarian actions in Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Aimed at the exact accounting of lands, establishment of their quality, streamlining of duties, increase in the income of treasury and so forth. Measurement of the earth on the standard land plots was the cornerstone of a volochny pomera drag (21, 30 hectares).

The measured area had to have the form of a quadrangle and was divided into 3 fields, and on an average the village was placed. Ssely peasants to villages, the power created new administrative division: several villages formed a voytovstvo (300 — 400 dragged or as much farms), several voytovstvo — the volost. Intention of the authorities was to put each family on I drag as the voloka made tax unit. However 20 — 25 hectares one family therefore I drag were difficult to process took two, and even three families. (Relatives from folvarok) settlements in grand-ducal possession in the middle of the XVI Art. fulfilled Tyaglye for I drag a year 106 days, paid chinsh (a monetary tax), gave grain, vegetables, corrected roads and bridges, delivered protection, supplies. Obsidional peasants whose main duty was monetary chinsh depending on quality of the earth paid with drag the good earth of 106 pennies, average — 97, bad — 83, and superbad — 66 pennies a year. Duties of so-called gardeners which for an earth morgue (1/30 drag) gave 19 working days a year were heavier. In the period of a volochny pomera the strip farming likvidiroratsya. The privately owned lands which are among grand-ducal joined in their structure, compensation in other places was provided to owners in the presence of the relevant documents.

The Volochny pomera captured and the cities which do not have the magdebursky right, including Kobrin. Citizens paid for I drag the good earth 50 gr., average — 40 gr., bad — 30 gr. The Volochny pomera mentioned also clergy: the church or a church in the state manor instead of the tenth part of income were gained 1 — 2 drag lands, free from duties. The Volochny pomera strengthened enslaving of peasants, increased duties, liquidated the right of free transition, established punishments for absence from work, entered household land tenure instead of communal. It fixed trekhpolny system of agriculture, for many centuries defined planning of rural settlements and estates in them.

For the best understanding stated it must be kept in mind that raznovremenno administrative borders of Kobrin district thoroughly changed and far did not coincide with borders of the present area. After disappearance of the name "Kobrin Principality" about 1520, its territory began to be called povety, economy which was the large state possession consisting of three cities (Kobrin, Prushanoye, Gorodets, 6 gosudarsky yards and 100 villages.

In the southern volosts of economy located in Polesia Lowland there was a set of bogs and the soil was poorer. In more sublime northern half where bogs with bad lands also came across, soils were nevertheless the best quality and a condition of managing more favorable. All earth in economy about 76000 hectares were estimated and 1953 economy are considered.

On quality to "an average kgrunt" the following villages in which owners of farms with the corresponding quantity were listed were registered dragged. (Primary source transcription). Oak-10, Stroyevichi-27, Bukhovichi-13, Ostromech-24, Patriki-21, Polyatichi-17, Machines-28, Rinki-12. The most impressive list "to a kgrunt mean" (nasty). Kozishche-7, Stone-8, Gorezdrichi-15, Ukolody-6, Zalesye-25, Seletskoye-25, Krasnovskoye-25, Rukhovichi-40, Lyakhtichi-7, Litvinki-19, Sukhovichi-20, Pirkovichi-16, Shipovichi-47, Batche-47. Zalesye-50, Flat-3, Ilovsko-30, Subwinter-15, Pear-24, Hodlin-16, Chelishchevichi-14.

In "prepodly marshy and peskovaty kgrunta" only one village of Hidra about 22 volokam is registered. There are no data on quality of the earth in the following villages: Habovichi-2, Gvarichi-2, Tulichi-20, Glinenka-27, Lastovki-28, Pincers-11. And at last Cherevachitsa and Bereznoye appeared without instruction dragged. As for many other our villages which are absent in Audit, that can be explained simply with the fact that they were not in state, and in private possession.

It Dematsya after since 1987 in Kobrin "City Day" began to be celebrated officially, despite of all difficulties of the endured historical period, so rare date - reminiscence residents of the listed villages - heroes of the anniversary nevertheless should celebrate together after harvesting. There is for this purpose also a suitable place — extensive city stadium. In passing does not prevent to remember as "for Polish hours" farmers of Kobrin district regularly suited in the fall a colourful feast "dozhinok". Summing up the results of business year, at Bankovaya Square many groups in national attires gathered for a celebration of delegation of grain-growers from every quarter of a povet, and quite often "for exotic" the remained team volov were even involved in festive procession here and there. For the best indicators by hotel types of production and on all complex excellent students of competitions were handed the state awards and gifts of a povetovy seymik. Sometimes exhibitions of thoroughbred horses for which, on an equal basis with pigs, Kobrin once was famous were dated for dozhinka povt, attracting numerous foreign buyers. Our horses were bought by remonter for a cavalry of a number of the states.

 A. Martynov

Martynov, A. Yubilyaram – 430: pages of history / A. Martynov//Kobrynsk_ vesn_k. – 1993. – 26 chervenya.



Navigation





Our partners