Kobrin 

Kobrin → Outstanding persons → Alexey Mikhaylovich Martynov

Historians believe that Kobrin's emergence belongs to the 11-12th centuries. According to the legend, the city was founded by the descendant of the Kiev prince Izyaslav on the place of the fishing settlement from time immemorial existing on the island formed by the delta of the marshy small river of Kobrinki at its falling into Mukhavets. Here also the lock was put.

The first written mention of the city of Kobrin occurs in the Ipatyevsky chronicle in record of 1287 when this district was a part of the Vladimir-Volynsk principality. In the first quarter of the 14th century Kobrin, having shared lot of all Western Russia, passed under the power of the grand duchy Lithuanian. And since 1404 the specific Kobrin principality which existed to the first quarter of the 16th century was allocated.

After that the city became the center of the Kobrin povet and was three times transferred "for feeding" to lifelong use to the Polish queens – Bon, Anna Yagellonka and Constantius Avstriyskoy. In 1589 Kobrin received city self-government and the coat of arms.

Extremely ill-fated was for kobrinchan a rough middle of XVII and the beginning of the 18th century when the city was repeatedly occupied by troops of the conflicting armies. It burned down, it was ruined by soldiers and devastated epidemics. Brought by these disasters to extreme extent of decline, Kobrin in 1776 was deprived of city self-government and reduced to a role of the center of economic unit – "The Kobrin key".

In September, 1794 the Russian troops under A.V. Suvorov's command within four days won in Kobrin district three victories over the so-called Lithuanian case of the general Serakovsky – in Divin, Kobrin and at the Krupchitsky monastery. After four-century violent rejection in 1795 there came Kobrin's reunion with Russia.

Then Suvorov also received "in eternal and hereditary possession" "Key the Kobrin" in which he lived in 1797 and 1800. In 1812 Kobrin appeared on the extreme left flank of a battlefield. On July 15 here the first in that war victory was won. In fight also eight guns were taken four a banner, in captivity about 2.500 enemy soldiers and officers headed by the general Klengel gave up.

Become since the beginning of the 19th century the district city of the Grodno province, Kobrin could be a classical example not of remarkable provincial remote place. So, if on audit of 1563 in the city there were seven streets, then by the beginning of the XX century the quantity them increased only twice. However, growth of the population was more considerable, and on census of 1897 reached 11 thousand among which there were 6.500 illiterate …

In 1846 construction of Moskovskogo-Varshavskoye Highway which cut through the central part of Kobrin was complete. Besides time reconstruction of the Dnepro-Bugsky channel and regulation of the river Mukhavets, become floatable waterways belongs. In the early eighties on the northern suburb of the city the railroad lay. According to statistical data, during that time in the city there were fifteen microscopic enterprises with number of workers from two till 15-20 people.

In 1863 small estate shlyakhtich Kobrin way Romuald Traugutt organized insurgent group here. Subsequently he became the dictator of the Polish revolt after which suppression it was executed. Events of the first Russian revolution, quickly come to the Polesia backwoods, deeply stirred up Kobrin district: in the city there were strikes and demonstrations. In many villages of the county mass actions of peasants against landowners began. Troops took part in their suppression, and for a number of years the city and the county consisted on the provision of the strengthened protection.

World War I fell upon Kobrin district in August, 1915. Approach of the front forced the population to leave familiar spots and to be evacuated in depth of Russia. In the county war destroyed about 28 thousand households. Return of thousands of refugees to native places dragged on till 1923.

At the end of July, 1920 Kobrin was exempted from belopolyak, and in the city the district revolutionary-military committee which activity continued to the middle of September was organized. The next two decades of the Polish bourgeois and landowner dominion were marked by oppressive stagnation in all areas of national life. Even the quantity of urban population remained stable that is explained by the huge emigration to foreign lands caused by a chronic economic crisis and unemployment. The advanced part of youth actively joined in revolutionary fight. The KPZB underground organizations headed mass demonstrations and strikes of workers. Novoselkovsky revolt of 1933 a wide echo was carried over all country and is far beyond its limits.

After Kobrin's reunion with the Soviet Belarus in September, 1939 the rough reorganization of all parties of national life which abruptly broke at dawn on June 22, 1941 began. Three-year-old Hitlerite occupation surpassed all tests which ever fell to Kobrin's lot for all his centuries-old history. In only one city fascists destroyed seven thousand inhabitants, and in the area completely burned several villages with all population.

But on the State of Kobrin district for one day fight against aggressors did not stop. In the deep back of the opponent guerrillas destroyed thousands of Hitlerites, on mines hundreds of enemy echelons and cars were undermined. On July 20, 1944 Kobrin released troops of the 61st army. The honourable name of "Kobrin" was appropriated to twelve military units which are the caused most a stir in fights for the city.

Today Kobrin became the considerable industrial and cultural center of area and on the main indicators takes the fourth place among the cities of the Brest region. Almost all enterprises arose here in post-war years. Metallurgical industry is presented tool, car repair and traktororemontny by plants; food – cannery, maslosyrozavod, a bakery, poultry farm; easy – a flax-processing plant, sewing, weaver's and furniture factories. Besides, two plants of reinforced concrete building constructions and combine of building materials work here.

In the city there are several comprehensive and special schools, two mass libraries, two movie theaters, the House of pioneers, regional Recreation center, two clubs. Annually Kobrin visit tens of thousands of tourists. They get acquainted with expositions of the military and historical museum of A. V. Suvorov. At guests also the city park created 25 years ago in A. V. Suvorov's estate enjoys wide popularity.

Invariable interest causes the monumental monument in Kobrin's center built in 1912 in commemoration of the first victory over Napoleon's troops within Russia, a monument to Suvorov of work of the Leningrad sculptor Chebotaryov and a monument on a mass grave of the Soviet soldiers who fell on the water-engineering system of the Dnepro-Bugsky channel located on Kobrin's suburb in tourists.

 A. Martynov

Martynov, A. Kobrin: know the edge / A. Martynov//the Dawn. – 1973. – August 31. – Page 4.



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