Articles about Kobrin: 1941 - 1945
Documents svedchats No. 1
RASPARADZHENN_ KAM_SAR'S AKRUGOVAGA Ў KOBRYNE PANTSYRA
18 verasnya 1941.
No. 1. As it is known from the address to the population, I received the civil power in Kobrin 3.9.1941.
Areas belong to the Kobrin district: Kobrin. Antopol, Divin and Zhabinka. The district commissioner in Kobrin submits to temporarily general commissioner to Brest-Litovske, and that to temporarily state commissioner of Ukraine in Exactly. Till this time the board with 22.6.1941 was carried out by local commandant's office (ortskomendatura)...
No. 2. Management of a set of labor is performed now by the district commissioner. For the Kobrin district the state bureau of work is organized in Kobrin. Regional burgomasters have to organize departments of work at the justices. Instructions for them are submitted by the district commissioner.
No. 4. Since 10.10.1941 the general population census, cattle, agricultural stock, and also agriculture products will be made on the Kobrin district. Regional burgomasters, foremen and rural heads bear responsibility for completeness and terms of drawing up lists. Presence in day of census of all persons is necessary. The made lists have to be presented to Kobrin till 20.10.1941. Additional explanations are dispatched.
15 kastrychn_k of 1941.
No. 11. §1. The Jewish nationality in the territory of a general commissariat has to carry Brest instead of signs with David's star — on all clothes — a sign in the form of a yellow circle in a daametra of 8 cm. This sign has to be sewed on the left side of a breast and, besides, on the middle of a back.
§2. The sign has to be made of matter or dense paper.
§3. Resistance to this order will be punished by a fine of 1000 rubles.
24 snezhnya 1941.
No. 46. According to the order of the sir of the general commissioner Zhabinkovsky district is excluded from the Kobrin district and given to the Brest district.
Drogichinsky district is excluded from the Pinsky district and transferred to the Kobrin district
Changes come into force since 4.12.1941.
No. 52. According to the order of the sir of the general commissioner of August 10, 1941 all peasants and locals who will give a shelter to the Russian prisoners of war — fugitives will be arrested and betrayed to police court.
31 snezhnya 1941.
No. 55. From 1.1.1942 g stay of the population on roads and in villages is established for the Kobrin district — 19 hours, for Kobrin — 20 hours.
No. 57. All wool is subject to obligatory delivery according to the order of the burgomaster of the area (the regional agronomist).
The supplier has the right to 15% of amount of the handed-over wool in the processed look.
Counteraction to this order will be punished by a fine to 10.000 karbovanets or arrest for up to 6 weeks.
No. 58. All skins have to be handed over in connection with orders of the regional burgomaster (the regional agronomist)...
Counteraction to this order will be punished by a fine to 10.000 karbovanets or arrest for up to 6 weeks.
No. 60. Regional burgomasters can on the basis of the orders published by the German authorities to punish penalties up to 200 karbovanets. Instead of fines forced labor can be applied to the public purposes till 2 weeks. These works have to be performed in labor camps in Kobrin or Drogichin. Citizens of the German nationality and Germany are exempted from these measures, they are subject only to action of the German authorities.
19 studzenya 1942.
No. 1. Pang Reich Minister of busy lands disposed — the area Kartuz-Bereza since January 1, 1942 is transferred to the Kobrin district.
12 lyutag of 1942.
No. 15. According to the order of the sir of the general commissioner in Brest of the lake in borders of territories Kobrin, Kovel and Kamen-Kashirsky appear the state fishery in places to the Charge at Lelikov. The following lakes concern to him:
1. Divinskoye's lake,
2. Lelikovskoye's lake,
3. Lake Samara,
4. 3 lakes of Orekhovskiye,
5. Lake Beloye,
6. Volyanskoye's lake.
Fishery submits to the commissioner in Kobrin (department of the food and fishery)...
Requirements of labor are carried out through labor exchange in Kobrin.
23 lyutag of 1942.
No. 18. §1. The tax on dogs is imposed.
§2. The tax is imposed in each district, excepting the German citizens.
§3. 1). A tax in the sum of 150 rubles for a year for one dog.
2) If who has more dogs — the tax increases for each dog by 300 rubles.
3) If the dog after census died or will be killed — the tax decreases by a half of the established payment.
5) The tax on dogs is subject to payment on a half till May 15 and on August 15; in the village - to the burgomaster (the rural head), and in settlements — in regional cash desks. The rural head grants the sum of taxes on regional cash desk.
Regional cash desks grant the tax sums on district cash desk of a gebitskomissar.
22 krasav_k of 1942.
No. 41. From 10.4.1942 g kikes are forbidden to walk the streets out of a ghetto. If use of kikes is necessary at works and forces to drive them on streets, then they have to go the shortest road from a ghetto to the place of work.
Jewish councils are responsible for execution of this order.
In case of sharp requirement kikes can be used from a ghetto.
The letter of inquiry needs to be submitted through the chief of the area. Permission can be given in advance, for example to Jewish council, or in single cases — for performance of a certain work.
Disobedience to this order will be punished by a fine, arrest or one of these measures.
28 krasav_k of 1942.
No. 47. Once again strictly I warn about carrying out spring crops: rural agronomists, rural heads, public agronomists and voyt.
Crops need to be executed after indications of a kreyslyandvirt and regional agronomists in due time and without marriage.
If somebody does not fulfill the duty — will be punished as the saboteur.
3 chervenya 1942.
No. 62. 1. Chiefs of areas appoint to 5 km of the road of the watchman who has to live whenever possible near the site allocated to him. He is responsible for a condition of the road in a good shape.
No. 64. From 21.5.1942 g the civilian population is forbidden to visit cinema on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday since these days only representatives of army are served.
No. 69. Jewish doctors, dentists and veterinarians cannot have private practice. They have to move the practice in rooms of local doctors, work only under supervision... Also local doctors have to keep books of the account.
7 zhn і ў nya 1942.
According to the order of a reykhskomissar of Ukraine of December 20, 1941 I order that all departments of district administration considered Greek-orthodox holidays as weekdays, except for Christmas (on January 7 and 8), New Year (on January 14) and Velikodnya (two days).
5 kastrychn_k of 1942.
No. 124. Permission to gathering berries and mushrooms it is possible to receive for a payment 1 karbovanets in subforest areas. Such coupon is valid for the whole season for one person which at an entrance to the wood needs to be had at itself.
No. 126. Time after which it is impossible to walk the streets is determined for the next months:
Till August 15, 1942 till 22:00, after August 16 till December 3, 1942 — till 21:00. Peraklad z ukra_nskay mova.
Natsyyanalna arkh і ў Respubl_k_ Belarus. T. 750. Vop. 1. Spr. 316. L. 2, 4, 32, 33, 40, 41, 45, 54, 57, 79, 90, 109, 149, 173.
Padrykhtavala R. A. Charnaglazava
SA SPRAVAZDAChY of KAMANDZ_R of the 9th COMPANY of 15 hectares PAL_TSEYSKAGA STICK of CASPER
27.9.1942.
The FINAL REPORT ON the PACIFYING EXPEDITION MADE In the village of BORISOVKA S 22.9 ON 26.9.1942 g.
The company gathered in the evening of 22.9.1942 g in Divin. In the night of 23.9.1942 g march from Divin towards Borisovke followed. To 4 o'clock in the morning the village was surrounded from the North and the South with two platoons. From the dawn the head in Borisovke collected all population. After check of the population with assistance of security police of Divin of 5 families were moved in Divin. The others were shot by especially allocated team and buried in 500 meters to the northeast of Borisovki.
In total 169 people, from them 49 men, 97 women and 23 children were shot. After that the village was cleared. The cattle, the food and agricultural stock are collected to one place and on carts are sent to Divin. At the same time especially allocated team which part 3 — 4 vakhmistr, 4 — 5 carts and 3 — 4 locals were systematically searched and destroyed the yards which are far from the village.... To Divin it was sent: 455 heads of cattle, 525 sheep, 258 pigs, 33 horses, 13 hens, 399 bags of grain, 48 bags of a linen seed, 27 carts with unbleached linen. It was generally destroyed in the settlement of 12 yards and 8 sheds, out of the village — 67 farms.
The 26th by noon all actions were finished and the village of Borisovka with the population is destroyed...
Captain and company commander Casper. Peraklad z nyametskay mova.
Dzyarzha¸na arkh і ў Ras_yskay Federatsy_. T. 7021. Bon. 148. Spr. 1. L. 231 — 232.
Z DZYONN_KA 15 hectares PAL_TSEYSKAGA STICK of the CC AB ZN_SHCHENN_ VYOSAK I RASSTRELAKH SAVETSK_KH GRAMADZYAN
Room arrangement — Kobrin
September 21, 1942.
... the general movement from the area to the west of Kobrin Road — Malorita to the area to the east of the specified highway. To a battalion from Adlerskhorst there arrived 41 reservists. Weather: solarly, warmly.
In Rozhechin bandits unsuccessfully attacked camp of the Cossacks used for fight against gangs. In various settlements bandits appear at night. 3 helpers of bandits and 27 Soviet citizens are shot. Weather: it is clear, warmly.
September 22, 1942.
The operation "Drayek" ("Triangle") is temporarily stopped. The battalion receives the order with the subordinated parts and the given 16th platoon (motorized) of gendarmerie to destroy the villages of Mokrana located to the northeast the settlements of Borki, Zabolotye and Borisovk known as strong points of bandits.
The 9th company with the 16th platoon (motorized) of gendarmerie reaches Divin in the evening; the 9th and 10th companies reach the village of Mokrana. In each strong point the group is left. The command post of a battalion is equipped in the village of Mokrana. Weather: it is clear, cool.
September 23, 1942.
The command post of a battalion — in Mokranakh. The action begins with an environment of settlements which has to be finished at dawn. With approach of day the population will be driven to one place and subjected to check from SD. After elimination of a pronemetska of the adjusted families according to the order in Borisovke 169 men, women and children, in the village of Borka 705 and in the village of Zabolotye of 289 men, women and children will be shot. Then withdrawal of cattle, property and grain began. Near Zalne's colony (5 km to the southwest of Mikhalin) the bunker on 10 people which was a vein until recently is found and destroyed.
October 28, 1942.
In the village of Ossa (7 km to the southwest of Divin) 5 bandits appeared at night. From the district of the farm of Romanovsky report about appearance of 5 bandits. Soltys from the settlement of Ulanovka (2 km to the southeast Old Weighty) reports on emergence in the settlement of 5 bandits. the 9th company continues investigation. Three arrested on the eve of the woman were brought in SD to Brest.
The 10th company conducts investigation near to the northeast village of Podlesye — 15 km to the east of Brest — and in attempt to escape shot 6 vagrant Jews. The team sent to the area to Ulanovki found 2 bandits from the farm of Romanovsky and shot them.
The 11th company sends teams, and also carries out day and night patrol near the farm of Romanovsky (9 km to the southeast of Brest) and Malorita, and also in Gvoznitsu (9 km to the west of Malorita)...
In Gvoznitsa the running Russian prisoner of war is shot and in Velikorita 2 Soviet civilians are shot.
October 29, 1942.
Near to the west village Hodynichy (10 km to the northwest of Hobovichi) 4 bandits were observed. In the village of Ozyata of 20 armed bandits took away cattle; they appeared in the village of Hmelovka (17 km to the southwest of Malorita) and took away bread.
The 9th company sends destructive teams to Korzhitsa's region and around it...
The 10th company is thrown to Pinsk for holding a special action.
The 11th company arrests in Chernyanakh and interrogates three suspects. In Podlesye the instigator is grabbed and shot. In Brodzyatin (13 km to the northwest of Malorita) the armed bandit is shot. Near Yazvin in fight with the Jewish gang 1 Jew is shot. The remains of a gang were removed in the direction of the village of Orlanka (3 km to the north of Yazvin).
October 30, 1942.
In a colony of Radezh (18 km to the southwest of Malorita) there were 20 armed bandits.
The 9th company continues investigation. It sends to Bogs Is big. (12 km to the southeast Kobrina) destructive team.
The 10th company carries out the anti-Jewish action in Pinsk.
The 11th company conducts investigation in Malorita. In the village of Ozyata the house serving as a gangster warehouse is established. The second house in which there were military regimentals is burned. 24 persons are shot. 5 people from Velikorita are arrested and are interrogated.
Weather: it is clear, cool.
October 31, 1942.
In Yazvin (12 km to the northwest of Malorita) 15 bandits were observed 5 and in the village of Bognislavka (15 km to the west of Malorita).
Weather: overcast to continuous, chilly.
The 9th company acts in the village of Zamari (Samaria) — 24 km to the east of Mokrana — for holding the anti-Jewish action. Near der. Conducted bogs. and Zakalnichi (11 km to the southeast of Kobrin) are grabbed and shot on 3 Jews. In der. Conducted bogs., Doropeevichi (14 km to the north of Mokrana), Pavlopol, the Shouting, Zhamordin and Kletishche are directed destructive teams, but unsuccessfully. On Hobovichi Road — Kobrin 2 Jews are grabbed and transferred to Kobrin's SD.
The 10th company continues the anti-Jewish action in Pinsk. The guard left in a strong point in the village of Mikhalin grabbed and shot the Jew.
On November 1, 1942,
The 9th company finished the anti-Jewish action in the village of Zamara (Samaria). 80 people are subjected to execution. The destructive team is sent to Bogs Conducted.
Weather: times overcast, chilly.
The 10th company continues the anti-Jewish action in Pinsk.
The 3rd platoon of the 11th company arrests 2 Jews fleeing Brest and shoots them.
One platoon is thrown in the village of Midna.
November 2, 1942.
The 9th company pursues 4 armed bandits from der. Conducted bogs. to the village Rukhovichi and here loses their track. The destructive team which is again sent in the direction of Izabelin did not make success.
The 9th company sends destructive teams to the village Bol. Korzhitsa, Doropeevichi and Verkholesye (10 km to the northwest of Belsk), but is ineffectual. Investigation continues. 11 Soviet citizens who moved here are shot.
The 10th company continues the anti-Jewish action in Pinsk, without special incidents finishes it and comes back to the strong points.
The team of the 11th company approximately in 3 km to the west of the village of Pozheshin finds well equipped bunker and destroys it. Prosecution of traces of bandits was unsuccessful. In the village of Zakruchin (6 km to the south of the village of Podlesye) the helper of bandits is shot. the 1st platoon finishes a re-deployment from Malorita in Midn.
November 3, 1942.
Residents of the village report about appearance of several bandits in the village Zakalnichi (11 km to the southeast of Kobrin).
The 9th company continues investigation and sends destructive teams to the village of Izabelin — Conducted Bogs., but it is ineffectual.
For suppression new areas are allocated to the 10th company. Platoons of a company concentrate in Zabolotye (on the railway line Brest — Kovel), Guta-Ratnensk and Malorit where occupied new strong points.
November 8, 1942.
The 9th company in the wood to the east of the village of Izabelin finds bandits. The wood will be combed by a platoon from the village Habovichi. The action still continues.
Weather: it is cloudy, very cloudy.
The 10th company in the territory subject to it extends propaganda materials. Near to the south village of Guta-Ratnensk investigation and development is carried out.
The 11th company sends teams to Rogozhno, Lazi, Faustunov, Pozheshno, Orlanka and the Plane. In der. A plane 1 bandit is shot, 1 helper of bandits is arrested and 2 helpers are shot. 1 km to the south of Rogozhno is destroyed gangster camp, 2 rifles and 80 cartridges are taken.
November 9, 1942.
In Kobrin 5 officers, 45 corporals and privates took part in a funeral procession on the dead. 3 armed bandits prepared the food on the farm to the south of der. Conducted bogs. On the highway Brest — Kovel (19 km from Brest) the automobile car of Hauptmann Poel is fired from the southwest direction. There are no losses. Bandits of not established number were observed in 7 km to the southeast of Malorita. In the village of Pyasekho (21 km to the south of the village of Ratno) 70 armed bandits prepared the food and took away documents of a community.
The 9th company combs forest area to the northeast of the village of Izabelin, but unsuccessfully. Other team works to the south of the village Doropeevichi.
The 10th company continues investigation and secret-service processing in the territory entrusted to it. Teams are sent to der. Millers, Guta-Ratnensk and Volchkovo. Around Krymno (24 km to the southwest of Ratno) propaganda material spread. 8 Jews fleeing the village of Ratno are subjected to execution. 1 Russian is arrested.
The 11th company carries out an act of retaliation in the village of Lyada, Pozheshin, Mikhalin and the Plane for fire attack on Hauptmann Poel and shoots 10 helpers of bandits. In der. A plane and Masevichi it is arrested 7, in der. Towers of 5 gangster helpers.
November 10, 1942.
In forest area of Chernyana, Old Vesk, Antonovo allegedly settles down 25 bandits.
The 9th company sends teams to the village Doropeevichi, Old Vesk, Antonovo and Chernyana.
The 10th company carries out investigation to der. Millers, Drozhevo, Karpin and Paint.
The 11th company interrogates the gangster helper captured the day before. In the village of Pozheshin 12, by Velikorite 10 it is shot gangster helpers.
Weather: -5 °, clearly.
November 11, 1942.
Police patrol from the village of Zabolotye 10.11. it is attacked by 15 bandits in the wood to the north of the village of Pyasechno (21 km to the south of Ratno).
The 9th company sends destructive team to the village Doropeevichi (15 km to the north of Mokrana) and Chernyana... For preservation of property of 12 bandits shot the day before in Pozheshin the team is directed. 5 helpers of bandits from der. High (21 km to the southeast of Brest) are arrested in a manor Ore. Interrogations continue. In Velikorita one bandit is shot.
November 12, 1942.
Messages on appearance of bandits do not arrive.
The 9th company conducts investigation in the wood near the village of Chernyana, Old Vesk and Antonovo.
The 10th company arrested in the village of Hotsilovo and Millers on 2 families which husbands escaped to guerrillas 14 days ago. 2 women and 5 children established in der. Millers of a family are shot, estates are destroyed, and the cattle is transferred to the agricultural head the Similar action is carried out in the village of Hotsilovo. Areas Oltush, Guta-Ratnensk and vicinity are reconnoitered.
During collision 11.11. at 20:30 two trains at Krymno's station (24 km to the southwest of Ratno) 19 people are killed, 28 people hard and easily wounded. Responsible is arrested by the 10th company and Gestapoes are transferred in Cowell.
Night and day patrol of the 11th company around the village Stradech (7 km to the north of Midn) remains unsuccessful. On the state manor belonging to Stradech one bandit is arrested and shot. In the village of Zanchana and St. By Romatovo it is arrested for the purpose of interrogation of 5 men. 3 Ukrainians, the former communistic functionaries, in the village Kam-Biskupska are arrested and shot for distribution of rumors. In Velikorita 2 helpers of bandits are shot.
November 13, 1942.
Near der. Conducted bogs. observed 30 armed bandits who allegedly made the food and clothes. In the village of Zaortsa the sheep is stolen. Traces conduct in the village of Zamara (Samaria). Prosecution unsuccessfully. On Melniki Road — Hotsilov is noticed the armed bandit.
The 9th company continues investigation in former areas.
The 10th company pursues bandits in the wake of to the north Guta-Ratnenska-Zabolotye Road. Search of 4 Jews who appeared in the village Zburag is still unsuccessful. The suspicious person in belonging to bandits is detained on the railway line of Malorit — Kovel and after unsuccessful interrogation is shot. Around Rokito and Dubechno the propaganda campaign with use of at the same time gromkogovoritelny installations is carried out. During an act of retaliation in the village of Pozheshin 4 men, 9 women and 6 children are shot.
November 14, 1942.
The 9th company found 4 bandits in the woods around der. Old Vesk (22 km to the east of Brest). Destructive teams are sent to the village of Chernyana (17 km to the north of Mokrana), Old Vesk (22 km to the east of Brest) and Antonovo (24 km to the southeast of Brest). In the village of Chernyana well equipped bunker is destroyed.
The 10th company arrested in der. Millers of 8 men who ran across to bandits. In the village of Hotsislovo well armed bandit who had at himself plans, cards, schemes and records is arrested and brought in Malorita. Investigation and secret-service work around Yarovishchenskiye and Krimno's Caress is continued. Results of this work should be expected soon.
The 11th company in the village of Brodzistun after successful interrogation shot the running bandit. Patrol around Zabolotye and Pozheshin is carried out.
November 15, 1942.
In a colony Pavlopol there were 2 and in the village of Zabolotye (15 km to the south of Brest) 4 armed bandits.
The 9th company withdraws back team from Old Weighty and Antonovo.
The 10th company continues investigation and secret-service activity in the former area. In the village of Zabolotye the suspicious personality in belonging to gangs is arrested. Interrogation of the bandit arrested in the village of Hotsislovo continues. Arrested on the eve of 2 women and children are subjected to execution.
The night patrol which is carried out by the 11th company and checks on roads between Brest-Podlesye — Velikorita still unsuccessfully. In Velikorita 2 bandits and 1 helper are shot. At 20:45 near the village of Boguslavka (to the west of Malorita) there was a fight with 5 bandits during which 1 bandit is shot. 1 automatic machine, 1 gun, 1 Russian manual grenade and 100 rifle cartridges are captured. Besides, the vehicle left by bandits with kitchen accessories, the food and equipment is seized. In this fight Rozengart is seriously injured and brought to Brest obervakhmistr.
November 16, 1942.
The post of gendarmerie in Zabolotye on November 15, at 20:00, in a colony of Zhilichi (2 km to the east of Zabolotye) found 5 armed bandits who proceeded in the direction of der. Are deaf (9 km to the south of Ratno).
The 9th company conducts investigation around Zaorzye, Pavlopol, Doropeevichi, but is still ineffectual.
The 10th company conducts investigation, secret-service work and prosecution around Yurevishchi (7 km to the south of Zabolotye) on the lake Tursky.
Weather: it is partly cloudy, an otliga. Peraklad 3 nyametskay mova.
Dzyarzha¸na arkh і ў Ras_yskay Federatsy_. T. 7021. Vop. 148. Spr. 1.
Padrykhtava ў At.І. Lemyashonak
KAM_SAR SA SPRAVAZDAChY AKRUGOVAGA Ў to KOBRYNA GENERALNAM KAM_SAR of BELARUS AB DZEYNASTS_ of AKRUGOVAGA of KAM_SARYYAT FOR PERYYAD 3 of VERASNYa of 1942. Pas ZHN_VEN 1944.
21 zhn і ў nya 1944.
3.9.1942 years I accepted the Kobrin district under civil management. Originally Kobrin district covered the following areas: Kobrin, Antopolsky, Divinsky and Zhabinkovsky. 1.12.1942 Zhabinkovsky district was attached to the Brest district, and from the Pinsky district Kobrin included Drogichinsky district. In January, 1942 from the territory of Belarus the Bereza-Kartuzsky area was allocated. Now the district about 200 000 persons covered the territory in 6000 sq.km with the population approximately in 230 000 people, recently.
Administrative and managerial and economic activity in the first half a year proceeded successfully and freely. In March, 1942 there were first gangs which before evacuation from the area developed the activity more and more widely. At the beginning the activity they began in the remote areas with requisitions of the food and clothes, and then attacks on odinochno the passing cars and police strong points for the purpose of mastering the weapon and ammunition that in the summer of 1942 to start the large operations. During the summer of 1942 from the being available 93 state manors the most part was burned by gangs. By the end of the year there were only 6 manors which were under a direct economic board of LBGU.
In 1943 all of them transferred the activity to rear communications of supply and communication of the German troops more (diversions on railway lines, a mining of highway and country roads, cutting of columns of telecommunication, destruction of bridges, destruction of locks on the Dnepro-Bugsky channel, attacks on cars, etc.). Along with it they continued also economic sabotage. So, almost all dairy (separator) points, and also distillery in the village of Zakozel of Drogichinsky district were destroyed. Losses in people from among Germans and local population in my district were quite considerable. Losses in manpower from Wehrmacht, police, FROM *, a motor transportation column, the railroad, etc. in detail are not known to me.
From a district commissariat from hands of bandits 7 people, including 1 people from gendarmerie during this time died, and 4 people were wounded. I can give the material losses put with bandits only in general: 87 state manors with stock, cattle, including large distillery, a set of dairy points and mills, from a harvest of 1942 of about 20%, from a harvest of 1943 of about 40%, cattle of 20%, horses of 30 — 40%, pigs of 90% were destroyed.
Protection of the territory for all the time of occupation was too weak, and the reinforcement from time to time received arrived with lateness or was given for a while so it did not reach effective actions.
Policy and management.
The population of the district consisted approximately for 65% from Ukrainians, for 29% from Belarusians, for 8% from Poles (other Russians, Czechs, etc.). These data are taken from census of 1941. The big percent of the Ukrainian population is a consequence of the fact that before the district belonged to Ukraine. Actually in the district lived very few pure Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles. 80% of the population of the district represented mix from these three nationalities which even talked on own so-called local dialect representing mix of the Ukrainian, Belarusian and Polish languages. The population calls itself in many cases of a poleshukama or "tuteyshy".
The population by the beginning of our activity was adjusted only pronemetsk. For confirmation I will give an example with collecting warm things for the German army here in the winter of 1941/42 which passed in my district exclusively voluntarily, without application of any violence. At that time brought together over 20 Ltd companies of pieces of short fur coats and warm I woolen things which the Wehrmacht at once could use. With defeat at the front, strengthening of gangster activity and the mistakes from the German side made in fight against gangster activity trust of the population to the German leaders all the time fell though still it was impossible to tell that the population became hostile in relation to Germans. The most part of the population gradually got more and more under influence of gangs and as gangs were stronger, than our punitive measures, they managed thoroughly to force the population to carry out their will and to serve their purposes.
Both directions of orthodox church which were presented in my district loyally behaved until recently in relation to the German authorities. The fact that all clergy at evacuation left the district with the German troops is characteristic. Church disagreements between both directions, times inspired from a reykhskomissariat of Ukraine, quite unpleasantly affected in my district as they mentioned the population, caused alarm and undesirable disputes. My offers within 2 years to finish disagreements between the metropolitan Alexander and the archbishop Johann by differentiation of their dioceses it was approved only by the general commissioner of Belarus, however owing to fast evacuation it was not put into practice.
Cultural activity of the population was limited and was reduced to statements of amateur theaters, singing and national dancing circles, and also to small libraries. The youth organizations did not work in my district.
Shots.
In comparison with other districts in a quantitative sense my district was badly completed by workers. On average the number of the German employees, including agricultural heads and girls, made 25 — 30 persons. In the qualification relation the initial structure of my district was good, but with conscription of young age eventually significantly worsened. In comparison with other departments in the qualification relation worst of all the department of work was completed. During the crisis period of fall of 1943 I had only 17 German employees and only with accession of the district to a general commissariat of Belarus I had over 40 employees in a district commissariat, including a staff on use of labor and agricultural heads.
Industrial production.
From the considerable enterprises in the district was available: knitting factory which worked only for needs of Wehrmacht (sweaters, socks, earphones, etc.). The staff of factory contained on average 200 people, work was conducted manually. There were only a few outdated knitting and weaving looms.
Cretaceous and limy plant in der. Caress of the Bereza-Kartuzsky area. Work was conducted also generally manually. The plant mattered in the sense that was the only thing on all Volyniya. Lime, along with construction, was used as fertilizer. The plant in June, 1944 was transferred under tutorial management of warehouses CC in Kartuz-Bereze.
Soap-producing factory in Kobrin with the melting enterprises in areas. There was enough production of factory only for satisfaction of needs of the population.
The handicraft enterprises in Kobrin and Bereze-Kartuzsky (handicraft artels). Handicraft artels in the most part also worked for needs of Wehrmacht. First of all sledge, a harness, joiner's products were made for the equipment of barracks, hospitals, short fur coats, valenoks, gloves, etc.
Were available also laundry and masterful on repair of regimentals.
Were made as well other repair work for Wehrmacht.
Handicraft artels in Kobrin were given for management of the German trustee.
The Telezhny workshop in of Bluden worked only for satisfaction of needs of agriculture of the district in vehicles and sledge.
The printing house in Kobrin worked for needs of local civil management and Wehrmacht.
The civil engineering firm (the tutorial enterprise) in Kobrin was subordinated recently FROM, performed civil and military land works, repair of buildings.
The German shop and To provided to Shoppa Germans with necessities and at the same time carried out a role of purchasing and marketing office.
Power plants in Kobrin, Drogichin and Bereze-Kartuzsky. Special difficulties with supply with the electric power were in Kobrin as the local power plant worked at diesel motors. The electric power was given only at several o'clock a day and that with connection of mills and other auxiliary power sources.
Agriculture.
In agricultural sector in the beginning along with 43 000 country farms there were 93 state manors from which at the end of occupation remained under control of the agricultural organization only 6. The established contingent of delivery of grain by the district made 16 000 tons, potatoes of 30 000 tons.
The condition of a livestock of cattle by the beginning of my activity was satisfactory. Due to the strengthened deliveries of cattle to Wehrmacht (in particular as a result of activity of a skotouboyny company in the winter of 1942/43 and 1943/44) the livestock of cattle was sharply reduced. Same treats also a livestock of horses to which the strong loss is also caused by gangster requisitions. There is no pig left by the end of activity in rural areas at all. Under control of the agricultural organization in the district, except the remained 6 state manors, there were 3 more MTS.
From the enterprises of TsTO in the district were available: 22 mills, 4 dairy points, including dairy plant in Kobrin, 6 bakeries, 1 slaughter, 1 large fish farm in Kobrin, 1 grocery store, 1 factory on production of dried potatoes and fruit with a pulpstantion, and also procuring and marketing office.
Use of labor.
From the district for the entire period of occupation it was directed to works to Germany 10 000 persons. Along with it, about 3000 — 4000 people were directed to works out of the settlements, on. the road, in Todt's organization. In the district the labor was generally used in agriculture. The main difficulty was presented by providing forestry with labor as lumberers were especially frightened of gangster activity. Recently all labor what could only be captured, including closing of the enterprises, was used on construction of ukreppozition, barracks and roads.
Kobrin district commissioner. Peraklad z nyametskay mova.
Natsyyanalna arkh і ў Respubl_k_ Belarus. T. 4683-Vop. 3. Spr. 971. L. 370 — 377.
Padrykhtava ў At.І. Lemyashonak
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