Kobrin's ecology

Water pollution. Water supply. Health of the population

Kobrin → Kobrin's Ecology

Water is one of the main sources of life on the earth. The solution of many questions – maintenance of high level of public health, decrease in danger of epidemic diseases, improvement and sanitary and hygienic comfort in dwellings depends on quality of water supply of the population. Special hygienic requirements are imposed to water of economic and drinking water supply. Connect growth of quantity of diseases of hepatitis A with non-standard water and other intestinal infections, in many cases – cardiovascular diseases, diseases of the digestive system.

The public health service of the area controls quality of water of open reservoirs in the places intended for bathing of people. On control of the public public health service 4 open reservoirs of the second category which are used for the cultural and community, sports and recreational purposes of the population consist. 6 constant alignments for quality control of water of reservoirs are defined.

The studied water of water objects, the used population for rest in 7,3% did not correspond to hygienic standards for microbiological indicators.

Now pollution of the small rivers and reservoirs in the territory of the city direct dumping of drains is absent. Within the established coastal strip plowing of lands is not conducted. Degree of epidemic reliability of water of water objects in places of water use is estimated as average. A major factor of pollution of reservoirs is the natural factor (so-called "blossoming" of water) and a technogenic factor – cleaning of a river bed Mukhavets.
Supply of drinking water to the population of the area is carried out by 29 municipal and 117 departmental water supply systems (tab.1.1) 2010 of 55,2% of municipal and 84,6% of departmental water supply systems did not meet sanitary standards due to the lack of a necessary complex of treatment facilities. Absence of stations and installations of deferrization has an adverse effect on quality of the water pumped to the population. According to laboratory researches as the state sanitary inspection in 2010 did not answer standards for sanitary and chemical indicators of 20,7% of the studied tests of water of municipal and 35,5% departmental water supply systems.

Tab. 1.1. "Economic and drinking water supply of the area"

 

Specific weight of the water supply systems which are not answering to sanitary standards

In total

Including because of absence

Zones of sanitary protection

Complex of treatment facilities

The disinfecting installations

2009.

2010.

2009.

2010.

2009.

2010.

2009.

2010.

Sources of the centralized water supply

146

146

-

-

118

-

-

-

Municipal water supply systems

29

29

-

-

19

16

-

-

Departmental water supply systems

117

117

-

-

99

99

-

-

Discrepancy to hygienic standards of quality of water for sanitary and chemical indicators is caused, mainly, by the increased content of salts of iron and manganese. Control results of research, after the carried-out preventive washings of networks of a water supply system, during capital repairs and replacement to the parting network show that in 2010 the volume of non-standard results of drinking water on the content of iron from 18,8,2% - in 2009, increased to 26,3% - in 2010 from a municipal water supply system (from 75,0% - 2009 to 95,7% - 2010 – on a departmental water supply system) and water supply sources - from 81,4%-2009g. to 84,6% - 2010. Presence at water of adverse organoleptic properties can cause concern of the population, promote refusal of its use in the drinking purposes. Operating experience shows that being safe for health of the person, the content in iron water in concentration at the level of 0,3 mg/dm. cube. causes, growth of "zhelezobakteriya" on an internal surface of the pipes oxidizing bivalent iron in trivalent which collects on walls of pipes and promotes secondary pollution of water in a network. At change of a stream and increase in speed of the movement of water, the hydroxide detained on walls arrives with water to the consumer, causing growth of an indicator of a turbidity.

Current situation on the increased content of iron in water in the territory of our city is brought to the attention authorities and finds reflection in the decisions made by them, in particular, now at construction or reconstruction of objects of agrotowns the equipment of sources of water supply of deferrization by stations is carried out. (in the territory of the area 13 stations of deferrization function - it is a water intake of "Brilevo" in to Kobrina, the village Ostromichi, Bystritsa, Bukhovichi, the Wasp, Sand-2, Divin, Gorodets, the settlement of Orekhovsky of department of KUPP "Kobrinrayvodokanal" and 4 stations – departments of NPS "Kobrin" of of Zhukhovtsa, JSC Kobrin Meat-processing Plant, JSC Kiselevtsy and MUES-7 of the village Ostromichi. Control over realization of the State program "Clear water" is exercised. The water supply system of Kobrin-2 from a city water intake of "Brilevo" is put into operation).

Specific weight of non-standard tests of drinking water on microbiological indicators of safety during 2010-2011 fluctuates ranging from 0 to 1,2%. Insignificant growth of non-standard tests in 2010 within 1,2% is noted on municipal water supply systems that it is probably connected with increase in volume of researches after the made replacements of municipal networks of a water supply system and preventive washings during preparation for the republican holiday "Dozhinki-2009".

Results of laboratory researches in 2011 demonstrate decrease to 0% of non-standard tests of drinking water from mine wells on microbiological indicators (to 2008 of-12,8%, 2009 – 0%).

The centralized water supply provided 95,0% - urban population. Commissioning of new networks of water supply, the carried-out complex of preventive actions in 2011 and the considerable volume of sanitary and educational work with the population and on objects of water supply, allowed to lose the specific weight of non-standard tests of drinking water on sanitary and chemical indicators in general.

Everyone knows how the water role in human life and in planet life is big. Thousands of years people used water for collecting in it the polluted sewage. Till the 20th century it did not cause special concern. The sun, air and the oxygen dissolved in water helped water to self-clean. But in the 20th century there was a large number of waste which, getting to water mutate and they cannot practically be brought. Our river is not an exception. Gets to it large amounts of sewage. Many barges and motor ships pollute our river the waste. We had to see more than once how people wash in car water, throw out garbage, merge gasoline and oils.

Pollution of water is accompanied by destruction of useful live organisms, destruction of a large number of fish in reservoirs. The river is adjoined by numerous kitchen gardens and kolkhoz fields. And what this field if there are no yadokhimikatny fertilizers? Rains wash away these fertilizers in large numbers, and small streamlets they flow to the river. Though they and small, but bear big danger to water.

In the city of Kobrin the main amount of sewage (about 95%) come to Mukhavets. Sewage of the industrial enterprises and housing and communal services come to the river Mukhavets. Average annual content of the polluted ingredients in water of river Mukhavets made:
1. Organic substances – the excess of admissible quantity (EAQ) 1.1;
2. Nitrogen ammoniyny – 1-3;
3. Nitrogen nitrate – 1.4-2;
4. Phosphates – 0.1-0.2;
5. Gland – 4-5.3;
6. Copper – 5.7-6.3;
7. Zinc – 1.8-2.6;
8. Nickel – 0.5-0.8;
9. Manganese – 1.7-2.5;
10. Oil products - 0.3-0.8.

Near the city in river water excess of admissible standard of average annual concentration of the polluting substances is established:
- For nitrogen ammoniyny (1.4-2 maximum concentration limits)
- For iron (4-5PDK)
- For copper (6PDK)
- For zinc (2.1-2.5PDK)
- For manganese (2.5-2.8PDK)

Tab. 1.2. "Quality of water, on nitrates"

Tab. 1.3. "Quality of water, on chemical indicators"

Tab. 1.4. "Quality of water, on microbiological indicators"

 



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