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Flora

Blackberry ordinary

Rozotsvetnye's family. In a wild look it is widespread in North America, Eurasia and in Russia in the Caucasus.

Botanical description. Blackberry is divided into two groups: so-called brambleberry and rosyanik, or blackberry ordinary.

Blackberry — a semi-bush up to 1,5 m high. Elevated part of a bush two-year-old, and rhizome long-term. Stalks are covered with thorns. Leaves are divided, with 3-5 or 7 leaflets. Flowers oboyepoly, self-pollinated, white, are more rare than pink color. Blossoms in May — July. Fruits at blackberry, as well as at raspberry, - a stone fruit, usually black, are more rare than dark brown or yellow color. At good leaving from a bush of blackberry it is possible to collect up to 8-10 kg of berries.

The culture of blackberry in Belarus is a little developed in industrial production, but we should pay not smaller attention to it, than it is done in Germany and especially in America where its culture is developed rather widely and from where passed almost more and more or less valuable grades.

The best grades of the American blackberry is the following:

1) Early Harvest; one of the earliest grades, for as is appreciated; the fruit is average, very correct, blestyashchecherny, very juicy, sweet; escapes are strong, directly growing, very branching and it is a little prickles; very valuable and extremely productive market variety, however a little hardy and needing therefore protection for the winter.

2) Snyder; extremely fruitful plant, extremely hardy in the North and the northwest where gets divorced more others.

3) Taylor; not really fruitful, but hardy and tasty grade, one of the most important in America.

4) Ancient Briton: it is possible in the most northern districts where other grades do not grow successfully, good in every respect.

 5) Wilson Junior; an excellent grade in size, color and taste of berries, on endurance and productivity; it is excellent for the market; it is appreciated above all other grades.

6) Erie; quite hardy (transfers cold to 27 °C without cover), very productive variety quite suitable for a table and for canned food.

Creeping blackberry (rosyanik) grows in the States with temperate or warm climate: the bush with very long, thin and self-taking roots escapes, covers the soil with a dense network soon if it is provided to itself. That berry on the earth did not gryaznitsya, in gardens arrange three-leaved mirrors on which tie up the fructifying escapes, provide to young people to creep on the ground till next spring. In such situation escapes can be easily protected for the winter by snow and the earth. Creeping blackberry costs below ordinary both to taste, and on quality, but its krupnota and an attractive exterior help sale. It is very fruitful and begins to yield early fruits (along with raspberry). However it can be ranked to amateur rather, than as industrial fruits. From grades it can be specified on:

1) Lucretia; very large and beautiful grade but sensitive to cold and demanding cover by the earth for the winter: in the Moscow region it freezes to the snow line.

2) Manat; the grade is low-yield, but interesting in view of the unusual size of berries; it is suitable only for the South, for the amateur, but not industrial purposes as however and in general all rosyaiik because their culture at creep of stalks (lashes) and their kolyuchest in general is very burdensome.

3) Taylor; not really fruitful, but hardy and tasty grade, one of the most important in America.

4) Ancient Briton; it is possible in the most northern districts where other grades do not grow successfully, good in every respect.

5) Logan; blackberry, widespread in the Pacific states, in other places either low-fetal, or low-hardy: belongs to a type of Rubus vitifolius or can be is a hybrid of creeping blackberry and raspberry; forms are extremely valuable; fruits go both for processing, and for fresh food; deserves attention mainly as material for selection.

6) Rich, it is removed by I.V. Michurin crops of seeds of a grade of Lucretius; this grade surpasses in productivity and endurance at I.V. Michurin all other grades of blackberry, berry very large, a grade very fruitful.

Placement. Blackberry — a photophilous plant, does not take out at all shading therefore it is the best of all to pick up the place on an open site for it. In a shadow blackberry almost does not fructify. Strongly suffers and often perishes when remoistening, and especially bogging, soils. Transfers frosts poorly. Therefore for the winter blackberry needs to be covered. On one place it is necessary to grow up it no more than 5-6 years.

Landing and leaving. It is the best of all to plant blackberry small ridges or separate bushes. At ordinary landing the distance between plants has to be — 1,0-1,5 m, and between bushes — 50-70 cm. It is the best of all to carry out landing of saplings in the fall or in the early spring.

The soil is prepared in the usual way, as well as for raspberry. On sq.m bring up to 12-15 kg of manure. Before landing, except organic fertilizers, it is necessary to bring on 1 sq.m 10-15 g of superphosphate, 20-30 g of sulfate potassium. After landing saplings cut off on 2-3 kidneys, plentifully water, mulch. Escapes at blackberry long therefore it is necessary to make a support.

Formation and cutting. In the fall, after harvesting, otplodonosivshy branches cut off, and the remained one-year escapes shorten up to the height of 1,4-1,7 m. For the winter these escapes shorten on height of 25-30 cm so that escapes appeared under snow. Reproduction, cutting and protection against diseases and wreckers are carried out as well as at raspberry.

Use. As a part of blackberry fructose, glucose, carotene, vitamin C, tokoferola and organic acids contain. Useful properties of blackberry use in treatment of urinogenital system, the inflamed joints and diabetes. Also in its structure there are bioflavonoids, natural antioxidants which at the same time fight against inflammations, hypostases and weak walls of vessels, strengthening them and protecting. Use generally fresh blackberry or make jam, jam, juice, compotes of berries. From its fruits fine dark red wine turns out.

Useful properties of blackberry, to be exact its leaves, are applied in traditional medicine as possess the wound healing, knitting, antiputrefactive and sudorific action. Actively properties of blackberry are used at treatment of various skin diseases, such as deprive, ulcers, purulent wounds, eczemas and others. At high temperature and pneumonia febrifugal properties of blackberry will be more than ever by the way.

Advantage of blackberry contain as well in its juice which is done both of fruits, and of leaves. In particular, juice of blackberry helps to recover at bronchitis, quinsy, tracheitis, pharyngitis, fever, an anemia, colitis, a diarrhea and dysentery. Separately juice of leaves of blackberry helps when curing wounds, burns, a dermatosis, ulcers, eczemas, herpeses, stomatitis and diseases of gums. Inside juice of leaves of blackberry is accepted at gastritises as diuretic and a sudorific.

Useful properties of blackberry in operation.

At gastritis and ulcers: 10 g of leaves of blackberry make 500 ml of abrupt boiled water.

At dysentery: to boil thoroughly 500 g of sugar from 250 g of fruits of blackberry on slow fire before formation of syrup. In day on 3-4st.l.

At stomatitises and quinsies: to draw 50 g of leaves of blackberry in 1 l of boiled water within 15-20 minutes, to filter through a gauze and to rinse a mouth 2 times a day.

At cough and other diseases of the top airways: To fill in 1 tablespoon of the crushed leaves of blackberry with 1 glass of boiled water and to insist within 4 hours. To drink for half an hour to food 3-4 times a day 100 g.

At a diarrhea and diarrhea: to boil blackberry leaves in water in a proportion 1:10 within 20 minutes. To accept 1 tbsp 3 times a day.

When curing wounds and burns: to put the crushed leaves of blackberry to a wound.

The calming and strengthening tea: in a glass container to dry fresh leaves of blackberry, then to steam them on a water bath before their blackening. To dry up and then to make as usual tea.

Useful properties of blackberry seem even more effective, considering the fact that this unique berry is already tasty and juicy. It is the best of all to consume fresh berries of blackberry during a season of its maturing even just as the toning and strengthening means. The frozen berries bear in themselves useful properties of blackberry too, but to a lesser extent. Therefore lean on this berry in the summer and protect the immunity for all year.