To the 500 anniversary of the village of Strigovo

Kobrin → Creativity of fellow countrymen → Marchuk Nina Grigoryevna

History of the village of Strigovo and strigovsky Simeonovsky church of Kobrin district.

For the first time Strigovo's manor is mentioned in written sources in 1513. And in 1747 the estate of a Jesuit kollegium is mentioned here. Who exactly equipped it here it is unknown, but the following is known of Jesuits. In Brest in 1616 mission of Jesuits was for the first time open. Restoration of the reeled power of Catholicism was the main task of Jesuits.

Jesuits – the main Catholic monastic order. It is founded in 1534 in France. The principles – strict centralization, obedience younger the senior, the absolute authority of the head of an award. Devotion of Catholic church.

On our lands the Jesuit award faced the powerful competition from Protestants, uniats and Orthodox Christians. For a gain of trust of local population at monasteries of Jesuits opened free schools, drugstores and hospitals for all comers and persons in need. Construction of monasteries was conducted on private donations of the king of magnates, shlyakhta. Activity of a kollegium (the closed average educational institution) attracted to itself the famous cultural figures and sciences of that time.

Stories are known several Jesuit kollegium. Brest – it is known for the thinker Kazimir Lyshchinsky (it is from of Lyshchitsa (The Brest district). In Pinsk a Jesuit kollegium Andrey Bobolya taught (it was killed by the Ukrainian Cossacks in 1657 for missionary activity during the Russian-Polish war of 1654 - 1667)

However in 1773 Vatican for a while dismissed this monastic order. Perhaps therefore in 1774 according to the donative diploma of the king of Poland and Stanislav Ponyatovsky's VKL the estate already belonged to a certain Yu. Chizhu. About 1795 Mr. of Strigovo as a part of the Russian Empire. The village of Strigovo is known in the history also the fact that in August, 1812 near the village the egersky regiment of the Russian army conducted battles with a Napoleonic cavalry.

In 1962 in honor of the 150 anniversary of a victory over Napoleonic troops (1812) the memorial stele, in the center of of Strigovo, at the road for Kobrin rose. Unfortunately, not on a mass grave. Nobody considered then the dead: neither Russians, nor French. Also the funeral team did not bury them. Most likely, the local population dug to the earth of the killed where they also died. The destiny of wounded is not known. Hospital then it was not mentioned.

From written sources of 1886 sat down already the center of the volost, 73 yards of nearly 700 inhabitants. In the village it is constructed and the church, school, pub (tavern), volost management, shop works. Peasants own 737 tithes of the earth. These are about 10 hectares on a family, to modern measures. Not badly! In 1897 the estate of a sort Puzyn in whom 107 inhabitants live is mentioned. And in the village already 118 houses, and is more than 800 people of inhabitants. Still the National school where about 70 pupils (boys and girls) were trained increased. In 1905 in the village there were already more than one thousand inhabitants.
Since August-September, 1915 Strigovo as well as other settlements of our edge, it is occupied by kayzerovets. The part of inhabitants went (under a kerosene stove) to fleeing, deep into Russia. The part remained. Plowed the earth, paid taxes, already to Germany (fed kayzerovets).

But according to the Riga peace treaty from 1921 Mr. Strigovo as a part of Poland, differently the Second Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The yards did not change, and here inhabitants there were two times less: not all returned from fleeing and wars. Owners of the estate of Strigovo – from a sort Puzyn returned to the estate also.

History of Puzyn
Puzyna – Lithuanian (pony. Belarus) the Polish sort from a family of Ryurik dynasty. Most likely occurs from princes Chernihiv. On Polish "puzon" – "trombone", or a musical instrument. Puzyna could name still either the musician, or the person making musical instruments. In a local dialect "пузан" means the lake which grew with a moss, the bog. In this case the nickname indicates features of the residence of ancestors. Possibly and the fact that the surname came from a dialect "пузан" – the person with a pot-belly or fish with a pot-belly ungutted.

The sort coat of arms Puzyn is interesting
It is the board crossed by a tight silver belt. In the top dark red part the silvery rider jumping to the left on a silver horse, striking with a spear of a black dragon. In the lower part of a board the serf gate topped with a rassechyonny silver cross. The coat of arms is decorated with the cloak which is lined with an ermine and a fringe and topped with a princely crown.

The first written mention of ancestors Puzyn treats 1514. There is a diploma of the king Sigismund on brothers Vasily and Timofey and people of the Novogrudsky povet, Mostovsky's yard (nowadays. Bridges, Grodno Region). Somebody Mikhail Puzyna in 1718 founded the man's bernardine monastery in Gvozdetske. And in 1724 was the ambassador of the Polish king Augustus II to the Russian tsar Peter I. Somebody Józef Puzyna was the general aide-de-camp of the last king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Stanislav Ponyatovsky. Somebody else Mikhail Puzyna in 1827 was the Minsk district leader of the nobility.


Temple history
The wooden church in the village of Strigovo for the first time mentioned in written sources in 1808 is constructed at the expense of the landowner Lastovsky. There was a brotherhood and school. Also lit the temple in honor of the venerable Saint Simeon Stylites who was living and showed rescue miracles somewhere at the end of the XI century. The Strigovsky church, according to stock of 1896, carried Sacred and Simeonovskaya's name. On the photo made after the last war, church too wooden. (It is not excluded that it for the one and a half centuries was under repair and reconstructed).

Church on the high base, near the brisk road on Kobrin, two-dome, from silvery color domes and gilded crosses, with a belfry with several bells. The roof is duo-pitch, from a tin which was often recoloured boiled, linseed oil that rusted less. The church was painted with blue paint inside. The Pritserkovny territory (main line) was fenced with beautiful white brick columns and wooden flights. There were benches under high centenary trees. There were many flowers in the summer.

Today's old residents remember some of the icons decorating the strigovsky temple, many of them belong to a brush of the local artist-bogomaza writing icons at the beginning of the XX century by the name of Khariton Mizyuk. The biggest and ancient – "Simeon Stylites". Are not less interesting: "Prelate Nikolay", "Mother of God with the baby", "Protection of the Holy Virgin", icon "Beheading of Saint John the Baptist", "Last Supper". There was ancient 1780 an edition of the Gospel, in a metal frame.

Church chandelier history (big suspended chandelier) is very interesting. Still for "Polish hour" several strigovsky went on earnings to the USA. Also returned back not only with money, but also with a big beautiful chandelier for church. Also sent her to gift to the temple. For kind memory.

In the church territory near the temple, (a so-called main line) not one generation of local strigovsky priests found eternal rest, hoping for eternal rest. Who under a stone sculpture, who under a simple hillock. Many local did not return from fleeing (1915-1918). Who returned, to memory of missing in a tuft of World War I and civil, put small monuments, with names. Put them on the same main line.

The Polish authorities did not interfere with service in an Orthodox church of Strigovo. On the contrary, still witnesses of that time speak as ladies of "uchitelka" drove on a prayer of pupils of school. And every Monday the orthodox priest came to school and conducted the Law God's lesson. Neither Napoleonic soldiers, nor kayzerovets in World War I, nor fascists, nor guerrillas in the Great Patriotic War touched church. Though somewhere in a year 1915-16 kayzerovsky soldiers removed from a belfry of a bell and sent them to Germany.

The trouble happened even not in "Khruschev's thaw", and in near "Brezhnev's". Still many eyewitnesses of that tragedy are living. And business was so. In the summer of 1962 in Strigovo, to the Sacred and Simeonovsky temple there arrived five representatives of Kobrin district executive committee, led by a certain Buryachkov. Invited the local management headed by the chairman with / council Galina Isaakovna Zasnova. Brought down locks from Sacred and Simeonovsny church and, having adjusted the collective-farm car with the driver Zayats Ivan, began to load icons, utensils, books... It seems all brought to the next Tevelsky church. As there was not everything.

When in Strigovo in 2003 constructed new church, from Tevley took away ten icons, books, a shroud. (But that presented the church chandelier remained to the temple in the Teveljsky temple). And local began to return to the temple of an icon lamp, a bowl, icons and icons, books. However, it is unknown where the Gospel in a metal frame disappeared (though local assume where it disappeared). Also the second got lost somewhere, a church chandelier and many other things. It seems, sort what was, and that at whom? Then nobody made inventories. All gave on coercion, returned on conscience...

In an early autumn of 1962 local authorities disposed to make the school gym in the temple. In October lodged in the temple of the soldiers who arrived to help collective farm with cleaning of beet. And late fall 1975 there was a fire. Speak, soldiers so heated an oven in the temple that the attic lit up. Also there was it in the afternoon on November 7, 1975. There arrived firefighters. But the temple was not rescued.
And in some decade local collective farm on the place of the burned-down temple (as if and the place of another was not!) built the building of office of collective farm, club, mail and the new gym (just over an altar of the old temple). People both now and then showed discontent that new building was conducted on old burials and the burned-down temple. However, remains of a family of the last priest buried there were taken away by relatives from Kobrin. Bones of the buried three Soviet pilots who broke in the fall of the 1944th transferred to a mass grave. Tombstones from a main line transferred to a cemetery. Whether but all dug out? Whether all transferred?
In two-thousand the local collective farm in some one hundred meters from the burned-down temple began to build a small churchlet. Having already consecrated it in 2003 in Sacred and Vladimir. For some reason not to Simeonovskaya. Versions are, but I do not read them.

Life sat down after the Riga peace treaty of 1921, on local "after the Polish hour"
If according to census before World War I in the village more than one thousand inhabitants, then on census of 1921 lived in the village of 558 inhabitants.

In the 30th years the school resumed work. Teaching was conducted on Polish, and the Scripture was read in Russian; spoke on the Polesia dialect at home (Ukrainian with impurity Polish, Russian, Belarusian). For more adult youth there was evening school. Yes. Clubs and cinema then in Strigovo were not.

Gathered in turn in big houses. Merrymakings arranged on the street. They say that in some of strigovsky houses there was a small library. Many brought books from Russia, from fleeing. Many bought in bookstores of Kobrin and Brest (a railway row). Ecclesiastical writing was taken in temples. Sometimes allowed to read newspapers and the landowner. All plowed the earth. Its benefit was much. Grew up and sold cattle and horses. Milk was carried on cheese-making shop on the pansky estate of Ioann Puzyna. The person thirty, except living on the landowner yard, worked at the pansky estate.
And now several words about Ioann Puzyna's estate. In 1890 possession of a manor made about 900 hectares of the earth. And lands were the rich there. The estate was located separately from the village, included the stone house, park, a reservoir, a service yard. On lands manors practiced three crop rotations that differed from other manors. The crop rotation consisted of 7 fields: the steam fertilized by manure, partially occupied with mustard on a green forage, rye, potatoes and carrots, oats, a clover, winter wheat. On lands on which the organic chemistry was not brought and mineral fertilizers were applied, the crop rotation tryokhpolny was used: a lupine on fertilizer, wheat, oats. In a manor there was a nursery of fruit-trees. The cattle was grown up only thoroughbred: cows of the Dutchwoman, pig thoroughbred yorkshira, sheep of a sousdouna. On local committee plant made Swiss cheese. For sale.

And still one of old residents working at the estate that there was no case that the veterinary worker from the estate denied the veterinary assistance to the peasant remembered. At the owner landowner the last paid for work daily. And one more interesting reminiscence of eyewitnesses. Puzyna there were Catholics. On big holidays went to Kobrin. But also in a country-house there was a small chapel with the main icon "Mother of God the Chenstokhovsky". There passed daily prayers. Landowners in Kobrin on a cemetery – near cannery were buried for today.

Wonder-working icon of the Mother of God Chenstokhovskoy named by "Black Madonna"
The icon belongs to Odigitriya's type. It is executed on the wooden panel 122,2sm x 82 cm. According to the legend – it is written by Luke the Evangelist in the 1st century AD at mortal life of Virgin Mary. Odigitriya – the main and most solemn type of the image of the Mother of God. And because of a dark shade of a face she is named "Black Madonna". The icon is the Yasnogursky monastic complex of fathers of paulit of the city of Chenstokhov, Poland.

The monastery was built in 1382. And two years later the prince Vladislav Opolchik presented to the monastery the medieval, going-back to the Byzantine tradition icon of the wonder-working Mother of God with the Baby. On a legend, from Jerusalem in 328 g AD the icon was brought to Constantinople. As the icon appeared in Poland, history does not know. The city of Chenstokhovo and Yasnogursky the monastery – the center of a religious Christian cult and one of the most known places of pilgrimage in Europe (after Louvre in France and Fatima in Portugal). The icon is equally esteemed by Orthodox Christians and Catholics. The icon of the Mother of God of Chenstokhovskaya is known also for the diamond salary of an image – as unique work of jeweler art.

Still there is an interesting story with a statue of "Mother of God the Chenstokhovsky". There was it at some distance from the Strigovsky estate. Represented a plaster sculpture up to two meters high, on a high pedestal. The Mother of God held on the left hand of the baby. Itself was dressed in a blue cape. On the head there was a white cover. The statue was surrounded with lindens. And the path from the estate to a statue was surrounded with lindens. Under trees there were several benches. Flowers grew. Everything was well-groomed. Sometimes on a prayer to a statue there came also neighbors.

Still Puzyna since 1908 owned a manor in the village of the Name-day (near Strigovo). The estate included two stables constructed in 1914 and the big two-storeyed building from a red brick built in 1901. But it was for some reason sold for military unit, for Polish zhovnezhy. Presently the estate is arranged well by a Protestant community of Kobrin and is used under the children's improving center. And here to the estate in Strigovo the sad end was "prepared". There came 1939. Many landowners, expecting trouble, began to leave. Puzyna remained. On the trouble.

Strigovets met red army in September, 1939 with curiosity, wild flowers and baskets of apples. Well, who did not like military yet! But confused a look and horses with supplies and Red Army men. Rifles Moscow Inca them did not inspire trust. But to houses invited. Seated at the table. Speeches led. And when soldiers began to speak about a commune, about the forthcoming war with Hitler – became gloomy. And when in the morning soldiers took with themselves fat and moonshine, and some and healthy master's horses in exchange on the perchers – peasants felt absolutely ill at ease. The owner of the strigovsky estate left. But it was intercepted somewhere by red and shot. The wife and children did not manage to leave.

Though in the 38th, expecting the Soviet occupation, sold on cheap stuff and the earth and cattle. But all did not manage to sell out. Red Army men of the 39th arrested in the fall the hostess of the estate. With children put on the car and took away towards Kobrin.

And nobody heard anything about them and does not know. Still. And the pansky good began to be sorted. Also was that. Even ware from silver and gold, books, utensils, agricultural stock. The cattle and horses was partially taken away by the Soviet soldiers, partially distributed to local.

By winter officers, and, and with wives began to come and to lodge in the pansky estate. And in the spring the 40th began to gather local youth for construction of airfield. In Tevlyakh the new power founded village council. But in April the 40th the power began to look for "enemies of the people". Deportation to Russia of more prosperous peasants began. With families. With collecting at 24 o'clock. Under a gun barrel.

At all not to pleasure became peasants. But life takes its course. Youth on building it was cheerful. Sharovarkoy the local population took stones. They were split up. Leveled the district and on cement and a stone airfield plates laid down. Plates were six-proofs. Length of a side is two meters. Paid for work.

Here it is just necessary to tell about the statute of God's Mother of Chenstokhovskaya. Just it happened so that the statue "was not entered" in construction plans. Prevented expansion of airfield. Trees around a statue cut. What was burned on the place that was sorted on firewood. And to a statue adjusted a catarpillar of "Stalinets" and pushed off it in a ditch. There is witness who says that God saved a statue, it did not break. So somewhere also lies in the earth.

And on September 22, 1940 on strigovsky airfield 10 fighters I - 153 landed. It was the 123rd aviaregiment of the tenth mixed aviadivision of the Western special district of the USSR. But works on expansion of airfield were continued.

Early in the morning on June 22, 1941 strigovets met war with surprise. Explosions in airfield took for a thunder-storm in the beginning. But then saw the fire. Fighters flared. One nevertheless took off, but was brought down. And here by a lunch through the village the bulk of fascists began to pass: tanks, cars, motorcycles. Went without stopping. Went on Kobrin. And morning of the next day the local people rushed off on airfield. A show not from pleasant. Corpses of the killed. The bent and burned metal of planes. The robbery began. All took. Also was what. Especially food warehouses. Germans on airfield returned in some week. Began to complete it by own efforts. There more than once already German fighters landed.

Fascists arrivals were in Strigovo. But it is more on horses. Were sometimes lodged. People quietly plowed the earth, went to the temple, regularly paid fascists a tax: agricultural production. From money the German reykhsmarka went. Puzyn lodged in the estate Bauer, somebody Mayzits. Too plowed the earth, grew up grain and potatoes. For money it was helped by local peasants.

The guerrilla warfare began only in 1943, and in the summer of the 44th fascists started to hurry home. Guerrillas became more active. Left with Germans, having sold out property, and Bauer Meisiz.

"And what to Germans would not get!" – according to one version Puzyn guerrillas burned a pansky manor. According to the second version under the same absurd slogan two local "lumpens" from of Novoselki with surnames Shimuk and Konon burned. Well, and that remained from a big fire (a brick and the base) quietly began to sort local. Little burned a manor, the fire was thrown also on the sheaves squeezed on the barley field. Now reminds only an overgrown pond and single trees of a manor. And on July 20, 1944 officially Kobrin district was freed from fascists.

Somewhere the Soviet soldiers arrived to the 50th (from Kobrin) and for some two weeks sorted strigovsky airfield. Local did not invite. Plates transported on Kobrin airfield. And now there strigovsky field. Rye and wheat grows. And nothing reminds of fighting airfield.

And at once in August of the 44th the Soviet military commissariat began mobilization in Red army who approached year and health. Disappeared on fields of the last war of 30 residents of the village of Strigovo. The died guerrillas and underground workers, and civilians in lists do not appear. (Book "Memory" Kobrin district.)

And where four Puzyn? Owner, his wife and two children? The written mention of their sort in the village of Strigovo was dated 1890. Or they are not residents of the village of Strigovo, Kobrin of the area? Continuation of this list already in the following history is possible. Sometime. About collectivization and "voluntary" recording in collective farm too another time. It is a lot more living witnesses of this period of life of the village of Strigovo. Also their memory is fresh.

But it is worth remembering one sad event nevertheless. Wars bypassed Strigovo the fire. And here in a peace time of Strigovo burned. Somebody Bonetsky who came from army, somewhere in the 1946th in drunk waste made an arson of the offender. Eight houses burned down.

April, 2013.

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