Village of Glinyanka

To celebration of the 500th summer anniversary
Village of Glinyanka, Kobrin of the area

To nobody, actually, was affairs to look for from where the name of our village went.
I assume, - from the word "clay". Really, deposits of clay of gray color are here and were earlier.
Not everywhere, but near the village, in the natural boundary of "Gayok" clay layers which for centuries were taken by our ancestors for oven works superficially lie.

The village with Glinyanki's name is for the first time mentioned in written sources in 1563. The village as a part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of Grand Duchy of Lithuania. At this time in the village of 26 houses. But to build these houses - not one year was required. Therefore today it is safely possible to declare that ours Glinyankam 500 years. In 1757 the Polish magnate Ezhi Fleming receives from the king of RP in management the Kobrin economy consisting of 8 keys. One of them Cherevachitsky where villages entered: Cherevachitsa, Gardeners, Batchi, Millers, Shipovichi, Yakovchitsa and Glinyanki.

And in 1795 after the third section RP with the stroke of the pen the Russian empress Catherine II presented these lands (all Kobrin economy, including the Cherevachitsky key) to the count Suvorov: for conquest of Warsaw, for suppression of resistance of our ancestors. So, our Glinyanki with the earth and peasants become Alexander Suvorov's property. Of course, the old sick general Suvorov did not come to examine our Glinyanki. There were his managing directors. And local peasants were not manumissions any more as at the Polish king, they at once became serfs of the Russian general Suvorov.

However, they plowed the earth regularly, regularly paid a tax, but already to Suvorov, and more, than to the king. But Suvorov in 1800 dies. The owner Glinyanok becomes his son Arkady. But it does not trouble itself(himself) property in Glinyankakh, itself being in St. Petersburg. And quickly sells these lands.

And the owner Glinyanok becomes Jan Nemtsevich (1762-1831), the Brest marshalok, for today is similar as the governor. So, Jan Nemtsevich himself examined the Cherevachitsky key which part were our Glinyanki, estimated where to build the house. Chose Cherevachitsa and built the imposing farmstead house (is in figure N. Hordes. In nature did not remain, there is no base left even). Cherevachitsa for that time stood on the brisk road Kobrin-Brest. On Mukhavtsa there was a ferry. And Glinyanki stood among a bog.

Time takes its course. Already in the summer of 1812 the huge French army of Napoleon passed Neman. French went on Moscow. Also went through our lands, not through Glinyanki, but nearby through Tevli and Strigovo. Events of the Napoleonic epic took place in vicinities Glinyanok on the night of August 13, 1812. However, about everything one after another.

Fight in Kobrin was on July 27. On both sides lay down more than 3 thousand soldiers. The second battle was under Gorodechno (the village in 13 km.ot Tevlya). Under Gorodechno 30 thousand Austrians and Saxons, and 16 thousand Russians battled. It was in the afternoon on August 12. On both sides there were on the battlefield about 5 thousand the killed.

And by the night on the 13th French began to recede to Kobrin, through Tevli, on Legates. At 7 o'clock in the morning on August 13, 1812 near of Strigovo the Saxon cavalry attacked the Russian rear guard (travel). At. Pincers there was a skirmish again. It was in the field, on the old road on Strigovo (there is it and today). The killed and wounded remained to lie in the field of fight. The funeral team of the Russian soldiers with local population started a funeral. At the village of Lastovka, from Glinyanok, put in a mass grave the killed French, privaliv a grave stones on the right. Russians were brought together and dug opposite to Pincers, at turn on St. Batch, at the left. The grave was privalit stones, prikopav also the fighting tool (a trunk of some gun) too. And someone planted later nearby a birch which was remembered even after World War II.

But time and people wiped out these sepulchral hills. In of Lastovki, already at collective farm, dug a silage hole. Pushed off stones, and there human bones. Did not recede. Bones collected and dug, nothing without having designated. The hole was completed. Got lost also graves of Russians. Stones took away on building. Iron on scrap metal. The birch grew old and fell.

(French the 1812th expelled in the winter. And many here, in the Northwest Region and Poland (landowners first of all) hoped for release from oppression of Russia. As it appeared, Russia for 120 years erased from the world map the state with the name Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth).

And in 1831 there is a revolt against the Russian tsar here. Rose since did not want to submit to the Russian more rigid orders, did not want to pay more heavy taxes (both landowners, and peasants). But the imperial army suppressed revolt. Jan Nemtsevich (owner Glinyanok) for participation in mutiny of prison avoided, but manors, including and Glinyanki, were confiscated in the income of the state Russian, and is put up for sale.

Perhaps then Glinyanki S. Tselshevsky bought ours. It was in 1837. By this time, according to written sources, households in Glinyankakh only 18, and inhabitants of only 150 people. However, in the estate of the landowner lived and 65 workers and servants worked.

Couple of words about the estate. Today on the place of a country-house S.F.Kuzmuk's house, on one side of the base. On the second - there was Shostak Tatyana's house (before it was sorted by 2 years to that, there lived Grisha Panasyuk). Where today house B. Eaves further in gayok - byli.postroyka KRS, a cowshed and a sheep-fold. Where V. Andreyuk - there was a stable. Where G.F.Marchuk and Kostya Cherota - was a luzhok and horses were grazed (not surprisingly that we have so close ground waters). Where there lives Vera Voron - there was a barn and a grain flow. There was a horse drive and the grain flow is laid out by a stone, and atop clay.

Where the estate Selivonik Fyokly (for Marchukami) was kitchen, huge on the high stone base, pansky kitchen near which there was a road on Pestenki (to a garden today). Slightly farther, from kitchen, to a nut, there was a huge stone cellar with a glacier (half remained).

The huge house for servants stood through the road, opposite to the being at home Grisha Panasyuk and the second where Kukh Pyotr's house.
As places here boggy, the assistant carried out partially melioration - open ditches, and behind a country-house there was a deep lake: with bridges, arbors, with boats and pier. Fish was found in the lake also (the lake remained, but without water).

Around the house of the landowner the park, with avenues and the road to the house surrounded with poplars, lifted by an embankment and meliorative channels on both sides of the road was broken. All house was buried in the summer in flowers. The landowner as all rich people, lived somewhere in the city, roofing felts in Warsaw, roofing felts in St. Petersburg. And only happened in Glinyankakh in the summer. Here his managing director managed, regularly sending to the owner money.

But at the end of 19 Art. cholera happened here, more precisely it was 1894 - 95. Ten years in Brest built earlier the railway station and there was a construction of the railroad and near our Glinyanok. It is not excluded that the big congestion and movement of people gave the outbreak of cholera. (Remembered it, from stories of mother, our former neigbour Anna Kadlubovich, died more than 10 years to that).

Cholera almost all inhabitants Glinyanok had. In the majority children and young people survived. The illness affected a stomach and intestines. The diarrhea to 40 times a day exhausted people. Were treated by opium poppy (we had epidemic in the summer) and pounded a body vodka. To Côme Bogom was appointed to live - survived.

The dead were buried without coffins (there were enough neither forces, nor time). Laid down on carts, covered with fabric and brought to a churchyard. The cemetery settled down near the road, in the field. Today it is corners/roads, the road on Lastovki and stadium (behind the house Quickly).

That the infection did not extend, corpses strewed with lime. To dig a deep ditch, likely, there were not enough forces. Therefore already at collective farm when this field was opened, tractor operators found human bones. And, seemingly, to rebury bones and to report in with / Council at anybody there was not enough mind. Began to dig a hillock at Poddubny. The earth was carried on KRS farm vysypka - "Complex".

Why the human cemetery turned into the waste ground? The first, live were afraid to approach the dug infection. Further: the German occupation (3 years) in the years of World War I. Nearby railway cloth. War and guerrilla of the last war.
And after war laid an oil pipeline branch here. Dug and dug over more than once.

And when after war of 1915-18 in Tevlyakh completed church and the Vezhkovsky and Cherevachitsky church resumed work, - there and buried our Glinyansky. From census it is visible that in 1921 in Glinyankakh there were only 10 yards and 62 inhabitants: World War I consequences.

But many left for earnings to America, and having returned for dollars bought both houses, and the earth, and cattle. By 1939 in the village there were 25 houses and 224 inhabitant, plus the farm. And fall of 1939 the first Councils came to Glinyanki. Red Army men local on railway moving were met by pies and apples.

People were struck by a type of army. For couple of days soldiers became on a billeting. S.F. Kuzmuk tells: "Mudflows at a table, put self-race, snack. Got to talking. The dialect is clear on both sides. Soldiers were surprised what they (Kuzmuki) the rich: several cows, horses, 30 hectares of the earth, agricultural stock, flock of sheep, bird, sound huts.

"Will take away Councils all this in collective farm: both horses, and the earth", - Red Army men said. As will take away, peasants did not believe, same it is earned by our hands. "Will take away without demand" - soldiers said. Next morning they kindly took fat and bread, came into a shed, replaced the dead mare with a master's sound horse... also left. And by spring the power began to bring the orders.

In April, 1940 arrived People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs and at 24 o'clock demanded to get ready for a trip (people guessed - to Siberia). Without explanation, without paper with the press, and the main thing without the reason. There is their list, those whom were taken away: Kuzmuk Thomas's family as a part of 5 people, Homenchuk Konon's family - four persons, Anna Kadlubovich with the son, a family Mikhnyuk - 6 people (lived for Mandra), Elena Homenchuk's family with 2 children (Kostya Cherot's house now), Kadlubovich Fedora with the son Leonid (lived where Kotov now), (her husband Pavel was a clerk in Gmin in Tevlyakh, at Poles). With themselves allowed to take a little hand luggage. The house, living creatures left here.

Then already it was looked after by either the family, or neighbors. They took a grief, there in Siberia. Several months reached there in bestial cars. From conveniences - one hole in a floor in a car corner, both for men, and for women (reading these lines, ponder upon that paradise which gave to our ancestors Advice. God forbid to it to repeat). Survived. Returned so in a year 1946. (All are rehabilitated in 1992, differently are justified. Received privileges which years so three are suspended back).

Lived two years (1939 and 40) which remained in Glinyankakh at Councils, and here new war with Germans. In 1944 in army mobilized all men who approached year under the gun. From fronts 5 inhabitants Glinyanok did not return. In post-war years (in 1945) several people according to "the statement a svedok" put in prison. And in 1948 began to organize collective farm. "Voluntarily" registered, but not all. So those individualists in 1952 began to be sent.

The family Karpuk Fyodora was sent to Kazakhstan (Chernitsky), Shostak Natalya's family (the house was near Kuzmuk), in a family there were children till 2 years, a family Vera's Mosquito with the child (lived to the left of the road on the Markets) (a real name Nichiporuk). Taken out in 1952 came back home after Stalin's death (are rehabilitated in 1995). After rehabilitation by all victim gave privileges (for today these privileges are suspended).

As it is known now, on export of "unreliable" the order went down. But there were people, glinyansky people who with pleasure accepted this order. Also sent innocent people to Siberia. Their wines was that they earned by the hump more and those who signed with it a sentence here lived better, than, but were "at the press".

Collectivization concerned all other glinyansky. Nationalized stock, horses, cattle. Took away without asking and without giving the receipt. People with tears and pro-maples accepted this collectivization. Till 1966 worked "for sticks". From the 70th healed even not badly. Collective-farm houses began to be under construction. People bought machines, TVs, furniture. However, the name of collective farm and chairmen changed more than once. But the farther, the worse.

And not so long ago the collective farm was disbanded. Also began Glinyanki to vanish. The club and the former office of collective farm is empty and decays. The post office huddles in one room. The dozens of houses are empty (own and collective-farm). They grew in human height with weeds, long ago on one side at the road the decayed fences lie.

And in the 90th Glinyanki prospered. In line on housing there were tens of families, and the turn decreased. Houses were under construction. Children studied at school in two changes (now in one and still there are empty seats, the translation there and glinyansky kindergarten is planned).

There were more than hundred houses, inhabitants nearly five hundred. Kolkhoz fields served more than 30 cars, 40 tractors. Stood on farms to 2 thousand KRS and to 500 heads of pigs.

In 1989 documentation was made and are made the registration certificate of a housing and business asset under natural gas. But with collapse of the USSR everything failed. For today all our attempts to install gas in the village are groundless. And the village - the state base …

2010

 

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