About Kobrin

The street received the name in honor of the I International.

The first International [1] (the official name the International association of workers) — the first mass international organization of working class, is founded on September 28, 1864 in London. This organization stopped the existence after the split which took place in 1872.

Creation history
In 1857 in the world the economic crisis which captured many countries began. Labor movement began to come to life, strikes became frequent. Among workers the consciousness of a community of their interests, the international proletarian solidarity got stronger.

Workers even more often learned by experience what harm to interests of the proletariat is done by dissociation of the working different countries. In 1862 and 1863 between workers of England and France there were negotiations on creation of the international working organization. The English workers addressed workers of France with the letter. In it is mute the appeal to rally not to allow capitalists to set workers of the different countries at each other contained. Proletarians of France in the answer to "friends and brothers" in England wrote" "You are right. … Our rescue in solidarity". On September 28, 1864 populous meeting in support of the Polish national liberation revolt gathered in London. There were not less than two thousand people. There were workers of England, France, Germany and other countries, the revolutionary emigrants living in London. Participants of meeting with enthusiasm made the decision to create the international working organization called soon by the International association of workers. At meeting there was Marx; he did not act, but was elected in structure of the management of the proclaimed organization. The governing body was called the General council later. Marx (and in a trace behind it and Engels) the first realized world-wide and historical value of the come true fact and gradually undertook completely the management of this pretty ill-matched body. At the request of the General council Marx prepared the Constituent manifesto and the Temporary charter of association which is unanimously approved on November 1 the same year.

It showed in the Promotional manifesto that development of the industry and growth of wealth under capitalism will not give relief the worker, the power in bourgeoisie hands so far. "The gain of the political power became, therefore, a great duty of working class" — Marx specified. On the number workers can expect to win. But number does not solve business yet. To achieve a victory over the bourgeoisie, the working class should unite and create the party. The manifesto urged workers to fight against unfair predatory wars. As well as "The manifesto of communist party", it came to an end with the great historical slogan: "Proletarians of all countries, unite!".

Further work and split
The congress was the supreme governing body of International. In intervals between the congresses management was performed of the General Council. In the certain cities and the countries International sections — the local organizations were created. The general council was in London. In 1865 sections of International were created in many countries of Europe.

International began to direct strike fight of workers, organizing brotherly mutual aid of the working countries. In 1867 the strike of workers-bronzovshchikov in Paris flashed. In reply owners dismissed all workers, counting that the workers doomed to hunger will not last long. But International came to the rescue to them. Among the English workers money which sent to France were quickly raised. Having learned about it, owners receded. The message about a victory of workers quickly extended across France. Workers became more courageous to oppose capitalists, the number of members of International increased. His authority grew in the circle of the proletariat.

Among members of International there were many supporters of the French socialist Prudon who called workers for cooperation, showed in the works "What Is Property?", etc. that the property on means of production is a theft. In its vision independent handicraftsmen, peasants, and cooperatives have to change the products in the market; the labor unions functioning by the principle of direct democracy have to operate plants and other big productions; the state has to be abolished, and on its place society has to organize federation of free communes — Prudon became the theorist of federalism. He stated the opinion in a number of books, including "Poverty philosophy". The friendly relations between Marx and Prudon were interrupted when the first responded to this book of the, "Poverty of philosophy" in which he stated the point of view. Prudon's supporters and Marx continued fight in International. In 1866 in Geneva the I congress of International took place. The congress discussed a question of labor unions. In the decision of the congress it was told that labor unions have to organize fight of the proletariat against system of wage labor and the power of the capital.

In 1867 in Lausanne the II congress, and in 1868 gathered in Brussels — the III congress of International. As a result of sharp disputes and heated disputes the decision was made that not only mines, mines, the woods, factories have to be, etc. turned into public property, but also the earth. The IV congress in Basel in 1869 confirmed this decision.

The theory "Scientific communism" developed by Marx found opponents in the person of anarchists of whom Bakunin was at the head. Bakunin himself put forward ideas of an international brotherhood of workers and entered the International Society of Workers ("The first International"). Marx declined Bakunin to the introduction in International long ago, seeing in it the theorist remarkable, actually equal to and, the main thing, the born organizer and the propagandist, original national a tribune, besides long ago being drawn towards socialist ideology and dividing its main provisions. Bakunin made the first Russian translation of the "Manifesto of Communist party" written and published by Marx and Engels in 1848. But he considered that any power, including the power of communists over the people is the evil, and, above all angrily which should be eliminated is the state. He called for destruction of any state. This brave practical revolutionary who was directly involved in fight of workers against the capital stated the philosophy in the works "State and Anarchy", "Knuto-Germansky Empire and Social Revolution", "Conflicts in International", "Libertarian Socialism", "Freedom", etc. If Marxists attribute to industrial proletariat a role of the only revolutionary class, opposing it the peasantry, Bakunin considered that the union between the rural and industrial world is rich with revolutionary opportunities that antistate mutiny of the peasantry has to find complementarity with spirit of discipline of workers.

Marx and Engels insisted on the theory as only and true. Actually, as a result of opposition and division into Marxists and an anti-authoritative wing International Society of Workers or the First International also stopped the existence finally. During the IV congress in Basel (on September 6-12, 1869) various currents in International Society of Workers especially accurately were defined. Vote under various resolutions and amendments revealed following "alignment of forces":

63% of delegates were grouped under texts of a so-called anti-authoritative wing ("bakunist")
31% were grouped under texts of the activists called Marxists.
6% were supported by the myutyuelistsky beliefs (prudonist).

At the same time the first two currents agreed and voted for the offer on nationalization of the earth. And, at last, unanimously the congress decides to organize workers in societies of resistance — syndicates (labor unions).

Split happened at the beginning of September, 1872 during the V congress, in the Hague. The congress place already caused contradictions (some associations considered that it has to remain in Switzerland). It was entrusted to James Guillaume and Adkhemar Shvitzgebel to present the "anti-authoritative" movement on the congress officially and to leave the congress in case of negative vote on structure of International. The congress unites 65 delegates of ten countries. Owing to semi-official preservation of its autonomous international structure (Democratic public alliance), Bakunin and his supporters were excluded from International. "The Marxism won the I International", - Marxists, but whether it is possible to call it a victory will write? The general council was transferred to New York. Activists and associations, solidary with excluded, left the International Association of Workers.

After the easing caused by repressions which followed the Parisian Kommunna's suppression this split became fatal to the First International, its activity progressively died away. Being based In the USA, International continued to exist 4 years. In 1876 the decision on its dissolution was made.

The part I of International which did not obey to decisions of the Hague Congress in a question of political activity of the proletariat continued to convoke the congresses. Their organization continued to be called the International Association of Workers or better known as Anarchist International. In 1877 — 1923 activity of this organization stood, however in 1922 it revived with the same name better known as the Berlin International of labor unions, existing and until now.

Literature:
1. First International (1st International). Russian spelling dictionary: about 180 000 words. / Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Russian of V. V. Vinogradov / O. E. Ivanov, V. V. Lopatin (otv. edition), I. V. Nechayeva, L. K. Cheltsov. — 2nd prod., ispr. and additional — Moscow, 2004. — 960 pages.

Additional information:

1. Historic center: Internatsionalnaya Street
2. 3D Round down the street

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

Houses down the street International

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