Pre-war streets of Kobrin

Kobrin → Outstanding persons → Alexey Mikhaylovich Martynov

For the first time documentary data on our streets meet in "Audit of the Kobrin economy" made by Lev Sapegoy in 1563. Unfortunately, in the hand-written original of Audit which is stored in the Lithuanian historical archive the pages devoted to the description of a central square of Kobrin which from South side directly adjoined strengthenings of the defensive lock are lost. Presently ten streets originate from this area which from time immemorial was an original heart of the city. In official sources the area long since was called either Market, or Market. In 1939 it is renamed into Liberty Square.

Speaking about names of streets, it is necessary to pay attention that already in the Middle Ages kobrinets, without philosophizing crafty, naturally appropriated to the streets names of those settlements in the direction of which they lay. The brisk passable way which was so arisen in immemorial times from Pinsk to Brest lay through Kobrin in the form of two streets stretched parallel to Mukhavts's current. East part turned into Pinskaya Street. The Polish administration renamed it into the street on May 3, and since 1939 it became May Day.

In the western direction its continuation in Audit is called as Cherevachitskaya Street, subsequently (apparently, after a highway construction) it replaced the initial name on Brest. Poles this street was called Legionov St., subsequently Peratsky Street (by name the Minister of Internal Affairs killed by the revolutionary). Since 1939 the name "Soviet" was assigned to it modern.

In the southern direction from our main square Ratnenskaya Street called by the name of the Volynsk regional center of Ratno stretches. It is in passing pertinent to remember that before emergence of the independent Kobrin principality at the beginning of the 15th century Kobrin district was a part of the Ratnensky principality. Along with official, the "amateur" name – Dyvinskaya Street is until now widespread in the people. At the next renaming of a number of city streets at the beginning of the 20th century this was called Slavic that sounded a little floutingly as it was populated almost entirely with Jews. However, the revenge did not keep itself waiting long: in 1939 appropriated to the street a surname of the prominent Jewish writer Perets, however, soon after the end of war the street became International. From the same southeast corner of the square one more street by way of exception leading nowhere gemmated. In audit it is called extremely precisely: "Street over Kobrinka". Subsequently she was called Petty-bourgeois, Kobrinskoy, and the last half a century is known as October.

And, at last, on a left bank there is a fifth street immortalized in Audit which name was exposed to the greatest changes. Branching off from Pinskaya, the street at first was Bolotska as conducted to the village of the Bog. Subsequently occupations of inhabitants were serially reflected in its names: Bochkarskaya, Garbarsky (tanning), Factory when close there were handicraft brick zavodik. Due to the transfer on the next abolished cemetery of ancient Peter and Paul church which originally stood on the southern suburb of the Market square, the street called Peter and Paul, at Poles she became Polna, and since 1939 the modern name – Red Army appeared.

Along with five streets of a left bank in Zarechyi two more are called Audit. Going west along Mukhavts Street was called Beresteyska, then Goshechnoy-Gonchaskoy and at last Proletarian. Ostromichskaya conducting towards the village Ostromichi became direct continuation of this street to the East. Apparently, since the end of the 18th century when at the beginning of it built the St. Nicholas Church postponed from the village, the street became Nikolska, and since memorable 1939 "was revolutionized", having turned back Communistic.

Here it is necessary "to clear up", as they say. It must be kept in mind that only since December, 1846 "chase" on the highway finished with construction Moscow Warsaw which integrated part was in city borders new Bobruyskaya Street began (nowadays Lenin St.). As pre-war bridges through Mukhavets were low, rise on them did not demand so remote "running start" as it is observed presently. Therefore Goncharnaya Street passed into Nikolskaya at the identical level when crossing with Babruysk. By the way, the present piece of Proletarskaya Street from Lenin to Railway was formed only in post-war years.

Data on our most ancient streets are that in brief. The following data are borrowed from the plan of Kobrin made in 1798. Appears from it that for the past two centuries the city was replenished only with a small amount of the new streets which are still directly adjoining the center.

Due to final srytiy at the end of the 18th century of the Castle mountain to the North from the Market square there was Zamkovaya square. In the sixties the 19th centuries on part it the orthodox cathedral was erected, and in 1912 near it the building of landowner bank is built. Since then the area was called Bank, then Komsomol, and since 1987 found the latest plate: Kobrin's 700 anniversaries.

If to follow from the bridge through Mukhavets, on the right it is necessary to list a chain of parallel streets. The first of them which was once bending around the Castle mountain and the bridge through Mukhavets connecting to Beresteyska, Slushnaya St. (fair) which became subsequently Baziliansky, or Klyashtorny (monastic) as there was a Baziliansky monastery. Further it is the street on September 17. Rechnaya Street following it turned into Small swinish subsequently – in prostonarech "Svinyache to a podrechya", - now it is Belorusskaya Street. Further Prechistenskaya Street appears on the plan. The name happened from of the same name, subsequently burned-down church on which place the bakery is built. Subsequently it appeared School, now it is Matrosov Street. And at last, towards Soviet Sportivnaya Street at the end of which on the river coast the primitive sports stadium was located was bent.

Let's pass consistently to the southern direction. From the Market square in 1766 Gubernialnaya Street conducting to the estate of an administrative manor which is recently put on the city suburb the Province lay. In 1795 the manor took over the commander A.V. Suvorov living here in 1797 and 1800. His name was received subsequently by the street. It was renamed by Poles into R. Traugutt St., and the name of Suvorov is restored in 1939.

At the very end of Suvorovskaya Street of that time modest Ogorodnitskaya, then Sadovaya Street was formed. In the first post-war years when in a southwest corner the Market square received directly connection with Garden – then there was a present Lenin Square, – the last received the name Pushkin.

Our next reference point – we learn Kobrin's plan of 1903, comparing which with previous what new streets appeared for the expired century. It is already mentioned earlier Babruysk, Poles renamed into Pilsudsky Street, and subsequently become Lenin Street. Further, on Mukhavts's right bank unilateral Podrechye Street, thanks to obnovlenchesky enthusiasm hardly successfully called the Embankment is noted. During the same time on Zamukhavtsa there were two more streets – Railway and Tevelsky. And in the second half of the 19th century from Brestskoye Highway in the southern direction Vlodavskoye Highway was laid strategic appointment (a terminal point the Polish city of Vlodava). Its piece within the city was called Vlodavskaya Street which subsequently found a name of Dzerzhinsky.

And, at last, the latest stage of our short review. In the twenties on the fields of a manor sold by the landowner Zelinsky the Province two cozy streets which are built up with mansions of the Polish officials were formed. This is Klopotsin (from the word "efforts") renamed in Pioneer, and Flower, become in 1939 the street of Zhdanov which odious surname was replaced with a name of the marshal Zhukov recently. During the same period in the end of Pinskaya Street of that time to the East from kostelny park Krasnogvardeyskaya Street was laid. This name by the fact that in the fall of 1939 at its beginning on Pervomayskaya Street the hostel of the so-called Red guard keeping in the city a public order to the organization of bodies of regular militia was placed is explained.

Since pre-war years when the number of city streets hardly stepped for two tens whereas the population kept on a mark of 11-12 thousand steady, passed only half a century. For centuries-old history of Kobrin it is not much. However the changes which happened in all parties of national life impress. Repeated growth of the population was followed by intensive expansion of city boundaries. Naturally, it caused the birth of new streets what total number already passed for 150. Annoyingly that at thoughtful acquaintance with the modern list of streets it is impossible to be released from thought that to so serious question we did not pay due attention: it is rather, arrived just instinctively and therefore names of a set of streets do not shine with originality and can hardly apply for "safety" in centuries.

1988.

 



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