Maria Rodzevich in memory of old residents

Maria Rodzevich … What it remained in memory of people who lived in its time how they speak of it what was most of all remembered by it? First of all, Rodzivichovna is a young lady, the landowner on whom the destiny of people therefore the main thing that people in it noticed what remained in memory (passed half a century already since then) is a person, his qualities entirely depended, and then it was the writer and very educated woman; her locals called "poetka".

The memoirs eyewitnesses of those times far or not because, listening to stories of people to which it is so much now how many was Maria Rodzevich, at their life, they came back and again became young people. Began how became Grushevo Rodzevich's manor. And so, what is presented to you on court by people who knew Maria Rodzevich.
Mother and Maria's father appeared in exile (but the reason is not known) in Siberia. Then they managed to return to Grushevo's manor. People say that there lived earlier both the grandfather, and Maria's great-grandfather as on an old cemetery they were buried. Them it is not possible to find graves now, but graves of mother and Maria's father quite well remained if to consider that nobody for these years looked after them, and they remained thanks to tombstones where the gravestone inscription is made in Polish.

In a family at Rodzevichey was three children (two sisters and the brother). The characteristic the brother is given pretty not flatter: the drunkard, boozed, played cards, almost always lost. It and lost a manor near Warsaw. He was married to the first beauty of Warsaw. From marriage had very beautiful daughter similar to the mother. His family lived in London. Sometimes his wife and the daughter came to Maria, it happened in the summer. But, unfortunately, Maria - marriage was unsuccessful for the brother, he divorced.

The same fate comprehended also Maria Mladzyanovsku's sister (a surname on the husband). From this marriage it had no children. Maria was not married. It was caused not by happy marriage of the brother and sister. Poles had such custom: the girl always has to have long hair, and it was possible to cut off them only when she vowed on a celibacy. Also Maria acted this way. It cut off hair, and it was a sign of the fact that courtship to it stopped. Therefore eyewitnesses remember it always with a hairstyle or as speak "was cut under the Pole".

Maria somewhere here, to Polesia was born, eyewitnesses of exact date of birth do not know as they remember it only when she became the direct hostess of a manor after death of the father. It was brought up at Skirmuntov. Rodivichovna very simply as also locals put on: house woven clothes from flax, were embroidered a collar of a shirt and a sleeve at wrists. Wore a black long skirt, sometimes dressed a sermyaga. Still it wore a jacket of dark color over a white shirt and a black tie. So she put on at herself in a manor. When she went to the wood on mushrooms, put on bast shoes and a long sermyaga, having tied up her a color lacing.

Every winter Rodzevich left a manor to Warsaw. However, there were exceptions when the hard frost forced it to remain as having been fond of writing of the novel, she did not notice as there comes the winter. Having remained in a manor, she arranged a grandiose holiday for Christmas. In the own house, in the biggest room there was a New Year tree. All relatives and their children were invited to a holiday. To all kids Christmas gifts were prepared personally for it: chocolate in big packings, candies and other sweets.

How the house and the estate looked? As each manor in those days, began gate. Gate represented the arch decorated with woodcarving. It fastened on four columns. It were the main gate for entrance of guests. Entering the yard, at once met a huge chestnut which grew in the middle of a big circle, reminding something a bed of flowers. Here too fir-trees grew, further there was an avenue landed by a lilac. The furniture was modest. In one of rooms there was an ordinary Russian oven. In big rooms there were fireplaces. Sometimes she flooded a fireplace and sat near fire. It was so often seen in cold autumn days with the book in hands. She wrote the novels in the summer, at herself in a garden, in an arbor. On memoirs with taste the dining room was issued: walls were decorated with a peculiar composition from color ware. On a table there was a big gold samovar, it is visible remained it from the grandfather. Maria Rodzevich, when was a hostess of a manor, loved various maxims, in particular hung out for visitors and guests of "10 precepts". Their sense was in that guests provided silence and rest, were busy on advantage to themselves, did not break an established order, did not speak about angry, empty, about diseases, about death, did not damn, kept friendship, respect that on hoped for the Grace of God and God's favoring. Precepts came to an end with the bible word "Amen!" that meant "Truth".

In the yard, near the house, the huge oak which Rodzevich called "девайтис" towered. Under an oak there was a big table and ordinary benches which were built in those days by peasants. On this table the servant of soap of small room doggies which kept in a big basket which inside was sheathed by a velvet, Bordeaux colors.

Behind the house there was a huge garden. According to stories he reminded a heavenly spot. It was so well-groomed that, going on it, appear, that finer this place is absent. Behind the house (there was still an entrance from a reverse side through a verandah which was every summer in grapes clusters), in a garden, there was an arbor to which footpath is landed by a lilac. Slightly aside there was a small lodge, on appearance, reminding a fine log hut. Here in summertime travelers stopped, just peasants who into these places were brought by need sometimes huddled.

In the depth of a garden there were two small reservoirs. They were connected among themselves, in the middle there was an island on which there was a figure of the apostle Pyotr which is cut out from a tree. In a garden the space for a kitchen garden was allocated, he was looked after by young girls whom employed to work Rodzivichovna from villagers.

Comments on her are very contradictory. Generally old residents speak about it as about the good and kind landowner who forgave to the peasants theft. The landowner Rodzevich spoke: "To steal as to come on a silver platter". Forgave also other faults. However, the economy at it was conducted strictly. Directly she it was not engaged in maintaining. There was a managing director – Voight. He was Pole too, locals spoke of it as about the kind and sympathetic person. Usually Rodzevich checked the course of economic affairs in the summer, taking away on a detour of possession of 1 - 2 day. Very much loved simple peasants "in hands of which work was humming". So eyewitnesses of those of far days remember, being had to the youth.

Maria Rodzevich left the manor to Grushevo in the fall of 1939. Met red Army "with bread and salt", presented the manor for a billeting. In response to this hospitality soldiers paid back on the: used Rodzivichovna's library as fuel for fires. Some books managed to locals to be rescued. For example, at Kolesnikova Anna Lavrentyevna the collected works of Shakespeare (the truth not all), from library Rodzevich, with her personal signature and date of acquisition of this book remained.

In 1939 Rodzevich went to Warsaw. Her house was transferred to the order of local authorities. Then the house was reconstructed, it became one-storeyed. In 70-80 was several spaces leased under employment there: medical aid station, shops and working dining room. Now the building is empty. In the territory of a manor the 2-storey building in which there was an office was built, then given for basic school of the village of Grushevo. Rodzivichovna's garden began to belong to school. Now the building is not operated, in connection with an emergency state. The known oak, the called Rodzevich "divaytisy" remained. And it gave the name to the known work Rodzevich "Divaytis". So locals speak and after their memoirs this oak stood when lived from the great-grandmother. Called age of an oak – 300 years.

The Polish side established under divaytisy a marble slab in honor of the Polish writer (1994). Then at the end of 90 began to hold literary meetings. Maria Rodzevich not just was a landowner of the village of Grushevo, but also became for some the relative. She was children's of the carrier godmother, at Kolesnikova Anna Lavrentyevna (who submitted these data) and at it the sister Ksenia who went to Poland and remained to live there. Article is made on the basis of memoirs of locals of the village of Grushevo who became directly participants of those far and memorable days. The manor Rodzevich and park ensemble in the village of Grushevo is memorial, has to be taken under protection of the state.

Karasyuk S.N., teacher of history
UO "Kobrin State Professional College of Builders"

 

Literature
1. A.Maldzis. Tvorchaye pabratsimstva – Minsk, Navuka i tekhnika, - 1966.
2. L.M. Nestsyarchuk. Zamki, palayets, parki Berastseyshchyna ò-XX Sr. – Mn.: BELTA, 2002.
3. U.Kalesnik. Zorna спеý. Minsk, 1975.
4. Ya.Z.Basin. Both creators, and workmen. Minsk.: Vysh. Shk., 1988.
5. Pobski Slownik Biouraficchna, Polska Akademia Nouk, Warszawa, 1988.
6. A.A. Biralo//Philosophy and social thought in Belarus at the end of XVIII – is gray. 19th centuries//Dawn. 1989.
 

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