There are no heroes from a birth, they are born in fights …   

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In 2014 80 years from the date of establishment of a rank of the Hero of the Soviet Union were executed. There is neither USSR, nor this award any more today. But from history they cannot be thrown out because in the chronicle of the Soviet state, heroic history of the people was become forever by bright pages of a feat of simple Soviet people. Hero of the Soviet Union. All three words are written from capital letter. But what stands behind these words?.

FIRST HEROES...

At all times, during all historical eras there were heroes. But the mankind did not know such unprecedented heroism of masses what was shown by the Soviet people in fight for honor and independence of the Homeland. Regularity of history is as follows: the is more noble the purpose, an ideal, moral motives - the feat is brighter. Was quite natural that in the Soviet Union the decision on establishment of a rank of the Hero of the Soviet Union was for the first time made on April 16, 1934.

Seven pilots participating in rescue of Chelyuskins became the first Heroes of the Soviet Union. It is Anatoly Lyapidevsky, Sigismund Levanevsky, Vasily Molokov, Nikolay Kamanin, Mauritius Slepnyov, Mikhail Vodopyanov, Ivan Doronin.

From the second half of the 1930th years war began to knock at the doors of the Soviet people. Armed conflicts in the area of the lake Hassan and the rivers Halkhin-Gol, the international help to China and Spain - all this stages of a feat of the Soviet soldiers abroad. There were among them also our fellow countrymen. In Spain 59 people were awarded ranks of the Hero of the Soviet Union, from them 19 people posthumously. In general from April, 1934 to June, 1941 the highest degree of difference in the USSR 626 people were awarded.

Pilots Stepan Zdorovtsev, Mikhail Zhukov and Pyotr Kharitonov who brought down several enemy planes including a ram in the first days of war became the first Heroes of the Soviet Union in days of the Great Patriotic War. In July, 1941 the whole world learned about a feat of the Belarusian - the captain Nikolay Gastello. All rank of the Hero of the Soviet Union 12772 people, including 494 Belarusian and the native of Belarus are awarded from 1934 to 1991. This award 88 participants of an underground and the guerrilla movement in Belarus are awarded. In post-war years of a rank of the Hero of the Soviet Union our fellow countrymen are awarded: three astronauts and four participants soldiers in Afghanistan.

Also full gentlemen of an award of Glory were a match for Heroes of the Soviet Union. In the Statute of an award of Glory it is told: it awards soldiers for personal courage or commission of a personal feat. Several times a high rank of the Hero of the Soviet Union the glorified commanders and military leaders are awarded. Ranks of the Hero of the Soviet Union Marshall of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov was four times awarded.

The youngest Hero of the Soviet Union Valentin Kotik, by the time of commission of a feat he was 14 years old.

At war not a woman's face?.

Speak: "At war not a woman's face". Nevertheless there are women who received the highest degree of difference. The first woman awarded ranks of the Hero of the Soviet Union - the woman-pilot Valentina Grizodubova. The first and only woman - twice the Hero of the Soviet Union - the space pilot Svetlana Savitskaya.

And whether you know that the fighter pilot of guard second lieutenant Lidiya Litvyak, along with Ekaterina Bunova, is considered the real expert fighter (no other women of the woman-pilot received such recognition yet) and the woman the pilot who won the greatest number of victories in air fights is included in the Guinness Book of Records as. Though data on its victories are provided different, usually researchers agree on 11 personal victories and 3 group. On August 1, 1943 Lidiya Litvyak died, performing a fighting task, - 22 more years were not her.

Maria Oktyabrskaya (Garagulya) - the Hero of the Soviet Union, the mechanic-driver of the tank, guard sergeant. Maria Oktyabrskaya is the only woman the Hero of the Soviet Union who was at war in armored parts. But the most interesting is the fact that its T-34 tank "Fighting girlfriend" was constructed on her own savings (50 thousand rubles!). On January 17, 1944 Maria Oktyabrskaya was fatally wounded when tried to eliminate damages of the tank under fire of the opponent. But even after her death, "The fighting girlfriend" continued a fighting way.

KOBRIN'S NATIVE...

In historical battles of the Great Patriotic War shoulder to shoulder sons of the Belarusian people selflessly struggled with Russians, Ukrainians and soldiers of other nationalities of the Soviet Union. They made the worthy contribution to business of release of the Homeland and defeat of fascism. There is among them also a native of our city - Vladimir Kirmanovich.

At the central entrance to SSh No. 2 of the city of Kobrin the memorial board on which inscription says that V. N. Kirmanovich studied at this school Heroes of the Soviet Union hangs. However about the one who such Kirmanovich and for what to him so high rank was given, know the few. History of life of the Hero of the Soviet Union remained, generally in memory of his family living as it is accepted to speak now, in neighboring countries.

... The worker's son from of Kobrin, and the worker-joiner, Vladimir Kirmanovich in 1940 was called in ranks of Red Army. By the time of attack on our country of fascists Kirmanovich was already skilled gunner. The excellent master of well-aimed fire, the person of big will power, he soon became the commander of a platoon, and then - the commander of the anti-tank artillery battery. The captain Kirmanovich was at war on the Kursk arch, on the river Dairy, in lower reaches of Dnieper, freed Simferopol and Sevastopol, expelled the enemy from Baltic.

In the fall of 1944 our troops, overcoming the furious resistance of fascists, successfully moved ahead, freeing the Soviet Baltic. Those days Hitlerites on one of sectors of the front made an attempt by large forces to stop approach of Red Army.

On the Riga direction towards to the counterattacking enemy the anti-tank battery of the captain Kirmanovich and two divisions of tanks were put forward. It was heavy to four-cannon battery to cope with a large number of tanks of the opponent (33 tanks). Therefore the captain Kirmanovich, without wishing it is vain to lose shells and ahead of time to find itself, waited for an opportunity for blow. When cars of fascists were turned by boards to a battery position, calculations heard long-awaited team: "Fire!".

Amicably burst tools. From the first volley three enemy tanks lit up. Then two more were shrouded in a smoke and a flame. Other tanks were swept up across the field, conducting desultory fire. Cruel fight ran high. The captain Kirmanovich, being in only two hundred meters from the opponent, perfectly saw all field of battle. At the crucial moment it on own initiative undertook to correct fire of the Guards mortars which were in the back and artillery. The well-aimed volleys aimed by Kirmanovich bore death and destruction in ranks of the pressing fascists. More than 20 tanks flared in the battlefield. The enemy receded.

For courage and heroism, for the shown initiative which defined an issue of the combat, Vladimir Kirmanovich is awarded ranks of the Hero of the Soviet Union. And today Vladimir Kirmanovich's family maintains the relations with the staff of the military and historical museum of A. V. Suvorov. The granddaughter of the hero visits relatives in Kobrin and surely comes into the museum.

IT IS AWARDED RANKS POSTHUMOUSLY...

Amazingly quickly boys matured in the war. Only 22 years were to the fighter pilot Arseny Morozov, the native of Tver, the Hero of the Soviet Union who received this highest and most honorary title for the feat made in our corner of the world. The grave of the hero can bow in the square of Puganov. His name is born the beautiful square in the center and one of streets of our city.

On July 24, 1944 around Vysoko-Litovska on the way of our coming troops the strengthened German strip met. Hitlerites showed persistent resistance. Pair of fighters - Arseny Morozov and his conducted Nikolay Ivanov - were sent to the back of the enemy, to the west of Brest, having a task to carry out air reconnaissance of troops of the opponent.

Coming back to the airfield, Morozov reported on a handheld transceiver on performance of a task and reported that he sees a large number of troops and equipment on a crossing. It was the crossing through the rivulet somewhere near Brest. The pilot asked permission to attack and, having received it, rushed with conducted on fascists, watering them with well-aimed fire. At our couple of planes Hitlerites with frenzy opened fire with all types of weapon. At the final stage of fight Arseny was fatally wounded by a stray bullet, and shook the plane of the intelligence agent, and it, having lost control, promptly rushed to the earth. Breaking tops of trees, the fighter fell in wood depth, to territories, still the busy enemy.

Here is how this fight and A.I. Morozov's participation in it is remembered by N. I. Ivanov: "Sometimes I went with it to investigation, and in one of such departures he also died. From 41st year flew, did not bring any hole, and here its antiaircraft guns caught... The station that was called whether Cheremkh, whether Kreshchelye, it beyond the Western Bug. We otshturmovatsya on the German platforms with equipment, with soldiers, and Arsen transferred: "Kolka, we are developed to the right!" And on a turn I saw a smoke behind its plane. The shell punched a water radiator. I more do not look at anything, I approach it... height of meters two hundred only. "Arsen! Arsen!" - and it in a cabin was bent, and the plane as if in a turn, so with a list and goes. I to it: "Take to the left! To the left is the handle!" He heard, I look - the list was lowered. And on - in any way... "Arsen! Undertake the handle!" But, to see, not to overcome to it. I to it: "The trimmer take! " He could make nothing. And the plane is lower and lower... July, the blossoming fields, already started gleaming, the Western Bug began to shine ahead. And on east coast nearby our airfield was. I only also thought of that, as if to us to jump this small river - and there already and the. And Arsen's plane is lower and lower. And some roughness, hillock. It as was gasped - all! - also collapsed..."

The local forester seeing all events found the spoiled YAK-9 plane, took a body of the pilot from under its fragments and buried in the wood. In several days when the area was completely freed, the forester came to the closest staff of Red Army, told about air fight and reported to the commander documents of the dead who found in the pilot's pockets. And then brought the Soviet soldiers to the place where buried the daredevil.

By the way, there is a bit different version of the last fight of A.I. Morozov. It is stated in very solid Moscow edition of 1988: "Heroes of the Soviet Union. Short biographic dictionary". Literally: "24.07.1944 when conducting investigation near the cities of Brest, High engaged with group of planes of the opponent, destroyed two of them, but it was lined. Directed the burning plane to a column of enemy troops".

However nevertheless it is more logical to be guided by the story of the direct participant of air fight - the conducted N. I. Ivanov. As if we wanted to establish today exact time, the place and all circumstances of death of A.I. Morozov, it is impossible to make it, unfortunately. Undoubtedly one - the pilot died as the hero.

After Arseny Morozov with honors buried at Liberty Square in the city of Kobrin. The square adjoining it bears his name now. To year remains of the pilot found B1958 eternal rest in the square of Puganov.

On February 23, 1945 Arseny Morozov received the highest state award - a rank of the Hero of the Soviet Union, posthumously.

Friedlander, N. "There are no heroes from a birth, they are born in fights …" / Natalja Friedlander//Kobrin-inform. – 2014. – July 17. – Page 11. About Heroes of the Soviet Union – V. Kirmanovich, A. Morozov.



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