Kobrin district



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Flora

The juniper is ordinary

The evergreen bush up to 2 - 3 m high, is more rare a small tree with the needle leaves located mutovchato on 3. Plant dvudomny. Man's cones yellow, small. The female cone consists from lower covering cheshuy and three top plodushchy on which there is about one semyapochka. After fertilization plodushchy scales inflate, become fleshy and grow together, forming a fruit - a galberry. Fruits in the beginning green, after maturing - black with a gray wax raid. Blossoms in the spring, fruits ripen for the second year in the fall.



Distribution. Almost universal, but does not form big thickets.

Habitat. Mainly on open places. Often meets as an underbrush in pineries and the coniferous and small-leaved woods. Renews only in the seed way.

Preparation. When planning preparations of fruits it is necessary to consider frequency of fructification. A plant prickly therefore collecting needs to be made in mittens. Collect fruits in the fall by a stryakhivaniye of berries from plants on the fabric outspread under them. Mature fruits fall down easily.

Security actions. It is forbidden to force down fruits from a bush sticks.

Drying. Before drying the raw materials are separated from impurity (needles, immature fruits) by sifting on winnowers. It is necessary to clear raw materials of the grassy bugs giving it an unpleasant smell carefully. Drying is made slowly in dryers with natural heat. The raw materials are scattered a thin layer that berries did not samosogrevatsya. Exit of dry raw materials of 40-45%. Drying is possible in the artificial way at a temperature not above 30 °C. Authenticity of raw materials is determined by morphological features.

External signs. According to state standard specification and GF XI, mature fruits have to be smooth, brilliant, roundish, brownish-black, sometimes with the remained bluish raid, with a three-beam groove on a top with a diameter of 6-9 mm. The pulp is greenish, with 1-3 seeds of triangular shape. Taste is sweetish and spicy. The smell is fragrant, peculiar. Impurity of immature and wrinkled berries, stem parts, sand worsens quality of raw materials. Impurity of fruits of other types of a juniper, especially poisonous Cossack juniper is inadmissible.

Chemical composition. All bodies of a plant contain the essential oil a little different on components. Content of essential oil in galberries makes 0,5-2%, stalks - 0,25%, needles - 0,18%, bark - 0,5%. Essential oil generally contains d-a-pinene, kadinen, camphene, and-terpinen, a-fellandren, dipenten, sabinen, terpineol, borneol, izoborneol, tsidrol, etc. Besides, contains in galberries invert sugar (to 40%), about 9,5% of pitches, a pigment - yuniperin, fat oil, organic acids (apple, ant, acetic), resinous substances. Bark contains up to 8% of tannins; needles - 266 mg of % of ascorbic acid.

Storage. In the dry aired room, on draft, packed into bags, in drugstores - in the closed boxes, banks. It is necessary to protect raw materials from rodents. Period of storage 3 years.

Pharmacological properties. Fruits of a juniper possess diuretic, zhelchegonny, febrifugal property, stimulate digestion. From needles of a juniper by an otgon receive essential oil which renders the disinfecting, fitontsidny, anti-inflammatory, anesthetizing and deodorizing action in experiment, promotes regeneration and the accelerated healing of wounds. Medical effect of essential oil is caused by the sum of the substances entering it. From components of essential oil the terpineol possessing diuretic properties is most studied. By the Bulgarian scientists it is established that it strengthens a glomerular filtration and interferes with the return absorption of chloride of sodium in wavy tubules of kidneys. Besides, terpineol strengthens a bile production and secretion of gastric juice, disinfects pulmonary ways, sanifies, deodorizes a phlegm, dilutes it that promotes its faster removal. Essential oil of a juniper Turkmen possesses high antimicrobic and wound healing activity. In experiments on mice at application of 5% of ointment of a juniper healing of a wound for 1-2 days earlier, than in control group was noted.

Medicines. Juniper fruits, infusion, oil.

Application. The juniper is applied as a diuretic at patients with hypostases of a warm origin and at violations of a salt exchange. At chronic pyelonephritises, cystitis, an urolithic illness without symptoms of a renal failure appoint juniper preparations as disinfecting and diuretichesky means. Preparations of a juniper apply at diseases of the lungs which are followed by office of a purulent, fetid phlegm (a bronkhoektatichesky illness, abscess of lungs, chronic pneumonia) and also at inflammatory diseases of a rotoglotka in the form of rinsings. For digestion improvement preparations of a juniper are appointed the patient with insufficient sekretorny and motor activity of a stomach and intestines, a meteorizm, cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. Infusions of galberries of a juniper use for inhalations and rinsings at diseases of the top airways. The needles are used for medical bathtubs at the patients having sleeplessness, neurosises, vegetososudisty dystonia, radiculitis. Local bathtubs with needles are shown to the patients obliterating endarteriity, trophic ulcers of shins, diseases of joints for improvement of blood circulation in the struck bodies.

Infusion is prepared at the rate of 10 g of fruits on 200 ml of water. Accept on 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day after food during 2 weeks Fruits of a juniper are contraindicated at nephrites and nefroza, stomach ulcer of a stomach and a duodenum, sharp gastritises and colitis.