Country nugget

Kobrin → Creativity of fellow countrymen → Marchuk Nina Grigoryevna

Checking reports of the growing poor Agricultural industry, I detain a look on collective farm "Dawn", and in thoughts I see Anatoly Emelyanovich Gutsev, on my eyes who laid the reliable foundation and nowadays advanced economy which the President visited twice. There are no person grain-grower and the patriot, the talented organizer, a nugget of country life among us, but in national memory it comes back to us living. When I learned that by results of the October survey conducted by the Shag newspaper, this name got to ten famous people of Kobrin district, I confess, in my heart something trembled, I could not remain indifferent. After my summary in "the Kobrin messenger", from everywhere rang a deputy reception of V. F. Kuchinsky, brought documents.

In 70-80 years of the last century Kobrin's industry, I remember, achieved of high rates, needing continuous inflow of labor. And young people the truths not truths directed from the village to the city, especially from suburban farms. Disturbing process, appear, as if by the party bypassed "Dawn" from where did not hurry to change life country for city. Served army, for example, paid 200 rubles, provided the corresponding work, really helped formation of a young family.

Then the cinema endured great boom, the best works of domestic and world fiction were picturized, and in the city became a problem to get on a session (at that time I directed a film network), in "Dawn" doors of cinema halls for stowaway display collective-farm Luda were open – sessions were paid with a bank assignment. About similar it was not heard in all great Union.

In what Gutsev's phenomenon what it began with? The tenth-grader Tolya Gutsev (the father is a veteran, the principal, mother is a teacher) sent the letter to Stalin, having stated own vision of an immemorial country question. Explanatory work with the daredevil was carried out by local KGB. Having got class, Gutsev comes to Goretsky agricultural academy, contrary to falling of appeal of country collective-farm and state-farm work.

Having defended an honors degree, having received the specialty "scientific agronomist" and having married the classmate compatriot, Anatoly Gutsev on distribution not for long works in the specialty in Shereshovsky MTS, Deraptment of Agriculture of Pruzhansky district executive committee, the chief of agricultural management of Divinsky district executive committee before disbandment of the area.

In 1959 24-year-old Anatoly Gutsev accepts collective farm "Dawn". Half a million debts, cows suspend from a beskormitsa, worn-out transport stands idle. Together with people on supplies the chairman goes to beg at neighbors in hay knitting. From the pocket (and not for the first time) gives on gasoline-diesel fuel. Despite youth, it becomes to close people. At all employment found time to work with men at laying of a silo, during the haymaking or with women on a flax terebleniye. Here from such everyday trifles, attention to the simple person the authority of both the young chairman, and his wife – the agronomist of collective farm steadily increased.

And rise of production began with simple. Around of Hidra, the central estate, drained boggy meadows bogs, grubbed out overgrown lands, having included them in a crop rotation. The chairman got new high-yielding grades of seeds, introduced evidence-based technologies of increase of fertile force of the earth, yields of milk of milk and additional weights of cattle on sagination. He exactingly selected competent experts, inviting in collective farm, itself with former academic persistence was engaged in self-education, found communications with scientific landowners, studied experience of others. And later came to postgraduate study and was already accepted to writing of the master's thesis on a subject "The complex mechanized production of milk on the basis of the Komsomolskaya Pravda milking machine. Got rid of equalization in the account and compensation, tried to overcome the become numb, idealistic departmental instructions – when to begin sowing and to finish cleaning.

And so step by step, as if yeast dough, "Dawn" rose, turned into an experimental building site, and the name of economy as if lit the planned way. On off road terrain put roads and the first in the area put asphalt, began to carry out natural gas, installation of telephones. Disturbing on fields of the farm transferred to villages, arranged well, built about eighty apartments houses for collective farmers. Constructed kindergarten and a summer camp, rest house for adults. Elementary school was transformed in eight-year-old, and then to average and moved to the new building.

The first in the area constructed standard Recreation center on 300 places, clubs libraries in crews, 4 shops, the dining room, bytkombinat. Construction of the winter swimming pool of which the city only dreamed was developed. Built greenhouses, grew up for favorable sale of a flower rose. The first in the republic came into service a pig-breeding complex on 12 thousand heads of sagination. Constructed shop for the production of sausage and smoked products giving high profit contrary to bans. For buildings there was not enough slate – constructed shop and arranged production of slate. Got the thrown sawmill, repaired and began to make cheap timber for buildings. Counted money, work, expenses – any economy finally is saving of time for a unit of production.

The first in the republic completely mechanized elevator granary in a complex with zernosushilny and formula-feed shops is constructed. There was enough money, and was begun, but construction of the complex mechanized cowshed with navozokhranilishchy, fur farms, productions of fodder yeast, sport center with artificial ice is forbidden by an inert partnachalstvo. Zapretiteli was answered with the taken roots equalization: others cannot cover a cowshed, and give you sport center.

Construction was conducted in more economic way (MSO mastered only two objects) and at the expense of the money earned with collective farm, without obtaining grants. To the advanced collective farm and the obstinate chairman overestimated taxes, reducing weak and begging, reduced funds. The missing wood round timber was delivered from the Komi ASSR, the Kirov region. The scientist-agronomist sold, got rid of outdated morally agricultural machinery and delivered the latest, corresponding to the new technologies introduced in economy.

In the face of all there was something improbable. All had a name of Kobrin "Dawn" and a name of Gutsev on lips, an echo extended far away from the republic. Here held indicative seminars and taught others to conduct economy, met delegations, including foreign. With an interval in five years two Heroes of Socialist Work (from three in Kobrin district), awarded with the Order of Lenin and other order bearers appear.

A.E.Gutsev in 1965 participated in ENEA of the USSR in Moscow and was awarded by a bronze medal (on the sixth year of the management of economy). In 1979 participated in ENEA of the USSR, and in 1970 it is awarded by the medal "For Valorous Work", and in 1971 – an award of the Labour Red Banner.

And it is not all. To collective farm "Dawn" there arrived the representative of the Union of cinematographers of the USSR for discussion of a question of creation for the allied screen (!) of the movie about the chairman A.E. Gutsev. I was the director of a film network (I ask to excuse for immodesty – it was awarded by the sign "Excellent Student of Cinematography of the USSR", the Certificate of honor of the Supreme Council of BSSR), and to me was remembered as Anatoly Emelyanovich acquainted the distinguished guest and the chief of a regional kinofikation N. V. Goluba with economy and its prospects. Then this question was discussed at the regional level. Conclusion one: to the movie about Gutsev – to be!.

So it happened who broke wings to rise of the unusual gifted organizer from time immemorial difficult country life?

We studied many documents, including copies of autographic appeals of Anatoly Emelyanovich to various party instances, talked to many people and came to the only strong conclusion. The freethinking given by the nature, thirst for experiment and new technologies and organizational forms of country work and its worthy payment, aspiration to nullify seasonality in employment of country people were not entered in the stiffened party and bureaucratic scheme of an omnipotent partapparat in any way. The dogmatic look bureaucrats saw a theoretical razmyvayemost in a difficult country question of the developed firmness of the general line of party in the dangerous party (so they considered) revival of the right bias. The economic problem developed into political.

But there was one more "sin" of the young chairman of collective farm. A.E. Gutsev, knowing the own worth, worked not silently, spinning like a squirrel in a cage, and spoke with sharp, really business criticism at party plenums, meetings of a partsovaktiv, quite often it was violently applauded by all hall, except presidium. It was the dangerous criticism from below up, and on it many young talents perished. He literally besieged multilevel Communist Party committees – proved case, confirmed with experience and achievements of the economy run by it moreover connected and excited scientific landowners.
But in it Gutsev was suffered still. And it had imprudence impartially to express to the address of the first secretary of a district committee A.M. Starovoytov. It was the drop which overflowed a bowl. The leader of the party exploded. Chief of militia colonel of B.C. Golovko receives a partporucheniye: Gutseva – to put! Procedure known – if is the person, then it is necessary only to open case and furthermore on the chairman of collective farm.

Following the results of the first check the misfire turned out – found nothing criminal. The amendment is introduced in a partporucheniye: either Gutsev will sit down, or the chief of militia will remain without position. Began "to dig" for the last five years. Here it is worth giving the explanation. The enterprises, and especially collective farms annually and several times on all questions were checked by the local control and auditing device, there was still a control departmental, regional and ministerial. Besides the prosecutor's office annually checked compliance of the made decisions, resolutions, orders to the existing normative legal acts as public prosecutor's supervision and punished for liberties. These acts went and stored in the interested instances. And so, for precollective farm A.E. Gutsev before no sedition was registered, all noted production progress, high profitability of economy, accurate calculations for taxes and money on accounts.

Having created the prospering economy and having two million spare cash ("Zhiguli" cost 5-6 thousand rubles) on the collective-farm account, precollective farm was young unusually modest. The family from six souls (four children) lived in an old three-room collective-farm lodge. On all Union investigators checked and did not find any real estate at A.E. Gutsev. And to children of the house did not construct (the son Sergey, the candidate of science, only this year finishes construction of a house for personal means, besides builds in the territory of collective farm "Dawn", in of Petki), having worked in economy of 17 years (I do not know analog at current chairmen of collective farms). It had even no privately owned vehicle, and collective-farm "goat" drove itself, besides saving collective-farm kopek.

To the chairman of the successful collective farm lifted from lying, A.E. Gutseva was "dug out" by 150 thousand rubles which are allegedly stolen, used not for designated purpose. Already then, after the appeal to different instances, up to the Supreme Court, the sum will be reduced to 10 thousand, and to lower further – to recognize defeat of a partrukovodstvo.

A.E. Gutsev was expelled from party, dismissed the chairman of collective farm. He sat in KP3 of 11 months, and all this time was worked-dug by investigators. What is represented by the "stolen" sums? I find the answer in the address of the person under investigation to the first secretary of regional committee of E.E party. To Sokolov. Protitsiry autographic text of "criminal":
"Assignment of 870 rub in 5 last years by rereceiving a salary on 10 rub a month though the last was approved by general meeting and in general, me was monthly received less 20 rub a month even at the existing salary as through an oversight of the economist, the lawyer and the chief accountant production management underestimated to our collective farm group on compensation that I already found out later.

Overpayment about 5000 rub to specialists of collective farm in 5 years though salaries were approved by general meeting and are vised by management RIC-and. An overpayment under contracts about 5500 rub which were also approved by general meeting".

"Already one that with me on business the chief accountant, the agronomist are not attracted the private trader who sold spare parts says that all this becomes only to deal shortly with the communist having a 20-year party and production experience and as speak, to close to it a mouth. It is clear to all that I at all could make nothing one in such questions without accountant and the agronomist. The accountant remained to work, also the agronomist works. T. Gutovets was repeatedly taken in members of CPSU for some special merits. If causing damage to collective farm in 5 years for the sum about 100000 rub is charged to me that not so actually and it is possible to prove it documentary..."

"It is permissible to ask why what at my insistance was got by economy is considered damage, was production risk, need..."

"After this dense hopelessness and the principle – after us the deluge … All this situation was created around collective farm in advance, caused an illness interest, gossips, intrigues and an agiotage. Beginning to see it, I repeatedly asked to leave work. But in eyes declared to me that there are no claims personally or on work to me. Together with it obviously overestimated plans were led up economy, our interests were infringed in spare parts, equipment, mineral fertilizers, compound feeds, building materials and so on. I tried to advocate the interests of the charged work site, but it, naturally, caused more and more discontent. It developed so that when it was necessary to show something the best, carried all to "Dawn", organized seminars and performances in the press, on radio, television. But when it was necessary to help even council, refused to us. Especially with other farms, especially in jellied 1974, it was necessary to look for a way out independently. ."

We could continue citing and other documents, but also from this it is obvious: it were not objective consequence and court, and political punishment revenge over the person who haunted partbyurokrat and, deprived of it a quiet quiet life.

From the address A.E.Gutseva in a partinstantion: "... The regional management decided to intensify collecting the evidence compromising me which secretly went since the end of 1974. Several investigators, having convinced of a neobosnovatelnost of the charges brought to me, refused to carry on an investigation. At meeting in regional department of internal affairs in 1976 more than a half of attendees also spoke against initiation of legal proceedings. But eventually forced to bring criminal case almost in a year after release me from work. I was not socially dangerous element, it was possible to conduct quietly investigation as I could not prevent practically it, being for 2000 km. However under pressure the prosecutor's office hurried to approve arrest. Therefore in any way it was necessary dokazat, that Gutsev-prestupnik to justify the arrest fact, and to judge to expel from party, and to secure itself against possible troubles. It was important and create the corresponding public opinion to gain effect of the monster put in an iron cage. Yes, I am really terrible on freedom for those who endeavor to represent from me the huge state criminal, exposing terrible charges. Not for nothing the investigator declared that if I was not put – we would prove nothing …"

Month lasted court. Interrogated about two hundred witnesses, but only four managed to be inclined against Gutsev. 11 months in isolation – in PTDC.

– I am a milkmaid and came to court at the request of all milkmaids of collective farm and all collective farmers to transfer to you, Anatoly Emelyanovich respected by us, our deepest respect, – the woman told court.

– And still I will tell that at us the cowshed roof began to flow, and people speak: there would be our Anatoly Emelyanovich, it would not be allowed.

– Beside the point you speak, you sit down, – the judge told. (From memoirs being present at the Nominative courtroom. Bilberry, then directors of regional Recreation center, and nowadays – the artistic director of national chorus of collective farm combine of Dzerzhinsky, the honored worker of culture).

Members of collective farm "Dawn" sent the address to protection of the chairman to the Brest regional court, it was signed by 378 people (nowadays in "Dawn" less than five hundred people work) – the vast majority working, risking to fall into disgrace from the party management. And here memoirs of the son Gutsev Sergey on the record left to them: "There came time of court. The first time of the defendant was entered into the hall, the first time almost in a year he saw the family, saw the father and a nod of the head greeted it. At the same time he tarried a little therefore the escorting police officer roughly pushed it, pushed it so that Anatoly Emelyanovich nearly fell. This act strongly revolted Yemelyan-Zakharovich who literally exclaimed from indignation and pain: a pier, I not for this purpose shed the blood in the war that you scoffed at my son... At analysis of business the question of various investment of capital of collective farm came. And support of the young people who came back from service in armed forces was one of manifestations of financial activity of the head. How the chairman arrived, and how regarded refereeing, was so impressive and striking that the escort, the young soldier of internal troops, began to cry from so obvious manifestation of injustice. The care of people in the majority was only on the lips dominating, and here it was obvious, and even did not dream it that somewhere here, nearby, the former soldier was given serious help in arrangement of life. The escort was moved away right there...

I was with the father only when he hired with himself, on some meetings, but is more often in uncountable trips on kolkhoz fields and farms. I woke up, and was not at home it any more, I fell asleep for fatigue of expectation, old radio played the anthem, and its everything was not. Only then from stories of mother received particulars: he slept for four hours a day, read special and popular literature much, ate somehow. In office behind an office there were huge racks with literature on various questions: animal husbandry, agronomics, technical providing and many other things. Not only the collective farm had a rich subscription, but also the chairman. Other party of success consisted in natural ability to the organization of business..."

From the reference of correctional facility of April 14, 1978: "... it is condemned on June 16, 1977 by the Brest regional court according to Art. 91 of the p. 3., The 166th p. 2, 171,94 p.1 for a period of 4 years with deprivation of the right to hold positions of chairmen of collective farms within 5 years, in the past we do not judge, served sentence in places of detention from 12.10.1976 to 14.04.1978 from where it is released by definition of Guards regional court of the Kaliningrad region of 14.04.1978 with a comment of Art. 532 of UK RSFSR conditionally for 2 years 5 months 28 days".

Thanks to efforts of collective farmers and the wife Nina Yakovlevna going in tears on partkabineta leaving four children, the term of bondage was limited one and a half years, and other settlement passed in "Dawn": it was necessary to return "stolen, spent not on purpose".

– To limit my activities for rescue of the innocent husband, – in telephone conversation Nina Yakovlevna told me, – on me tried to open criminal case – managed vegetable growing and in the greenhouse pomorozit production. Were limited to dismissal, took away hundred parts under a kitchen garden that left collective farm rather. Two daughters studied in higher education institutions. Someone from morning milk yield brought to a threshold to bank of milk, under it money for a loaf of bread lay, people threw purses or a bucket of potato. But on Communist Party meetings near me did not sit down, rather afraid of a partnachalstvo from presidium.

From four children of Gutsev – the son the candidate of science, was protected on the subject "Evolution of Parameters in Plasma of Electronegative Gases", the daughter – the doctor, the teacher, the system programmer. Have families, raise children and store kind memory of the father martyr

From all set of the obtained documentary information there is a question: if the chairman of collective farm A.E. Gutsev stole and caused to economy damage "in especially large sizes", at the same time having accepted economy with semi-million debts and having left with two million profitable rubles then as well as what it is possible to explain with that only its only thing brought to judicial responsibility? This fact – the proof of the used violence over rebellious Gutsev, the law was turned into that dyshlo by which partbyurokrata, the investigators, judges, prosecutors covered with the Law for commission of illegal acts during all process were guided. "Formally correctly, and in essence – mockery", – Lenin's quote in A.E. Gutsev's appeal to regional committee of party.

Experience of the past on a thorny road of an immemorial country question is invaluable. The native of Milcha of the Gomel district Anatoly Emelyanovich Gutsev (31.01.1935-23.11.96) on distribution arrived to the heroic Brest region and scarred here. The Great power which resisted in the most cruel of wars failed to the basis, and the foundation laid by A.E. Gutsev in collective farm with the symbolical name "Dawn" sustained with advantage, and on it the economy develops. It is the base cemented together – material and spiritual and moral. Gutsev advanced time, it inflated its strong sails.

Support then all-powerful party here such Belarusian Gutsev, and our life would go the reasonable evolutionary course, having avoided shocks of 1991, economy disorder.

The friend of the family of Gutsev, professor of Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Lev Dmitriyevich Kudryavtsev, noticed: "Time will come, and Gutsev is rehabilitated". Time has come, and it as we see, rehabilitated de facto. Remains so far de jure.

A. Sushchuk, the assistant to the deputy of the House of Representatives of National assembly V.F.Kuchinskogo, the participant of the Great Patriotic War, N. Marchuk, own correspondent till to Kobrin.

Shag newspaper, January, 2002.

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